Bibliography

Space Weather Modeling Capabilities Assessment: Auroral Precipitation and High-Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics

As part of its International Capabilities Assessment effort, the Community Coordinated Modeling Center initiated several working teams, one of which is focused on the validation of models and methods for determining auroral electrodynamic parameters, including particle precipitation, conductivities, electric fields, neutral density and winds, currents, Joule heating, auroral boundaries, and ion outflow. Auroral electrodynamic properties are needed as input to space weather models, to test and validate the accuracy of physical models, and to provide needed information for space weather customers and researchers. The working team developed a process for validating auroral electrodynamic quantities that begins with the selection of a set of events, followed by construction of ground truth databases using all available data and assimilative data analysis techniques. Using optimized, predefined metrics, the ground truth data for selected events can be used to assess model performance and improvement over time. The availability of global observations and sophisticated data assimilation techniques provides the means to create accurate ground truth databases routinely and accurately.

Robinson, Robert; Zhang, Yongliang; Garcia-Sage, Katherine; Fang, Xiaohua; Verkhoglyadova, Olga; Ngwira, Chigomezyo; Bingham, Suzy; Kosar, Burcu; Zheng, Yihua; Kaeppler, Stephen; Liemohn, Michael; Weygand, James; Crowley, Geoffrey; Merkin, Viacheslav; McGranaghan, Ryan; Mannucci, Anthony;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on: 01/2019

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1029/2018SW002127

The Low-Latitude Ionosphere/Thermosphere Enhancements in Density (LLITED) Mission

Bishop, Rebecca; Walterscheid, Richard; Clemmons, James; Barjatya, Aroh; Gunter, Liam;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Development of a GUVI/SSUSI-based model for E-region electron density enhancements at northern auroral latitudes

Watson, Christopher; Themens, David; Jayachandran, PT;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Space weather modeling capabilities assessment: Auroral precipitation and high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics

Robinson, Robert; Zhang, Yongliang; Garcia-Sage, Katherine; Fang, Xiaohua; Verkhoglyadova, Olga; Ngwira, Chigomezyo; Bingham, Suzy; Kosar, Burcu; Zheng, Yihua; Kaeppler, Stephen; , others;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Anomaly distribution of ionospheric total electron content responses to some solar flares

Le, Huijun; Liu, Libo; Chen, Yiding; Zhang, Hui;

Published by: Earth and Planetary Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Case Study of Dawn-Dusk Asymmetry in Polar Rain Aurora

Herschbach, Dennis; Zhang, Yongliang;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

North-south Asymmetry in Dayside Auroras Associated With Local Sunlight Conditions

Mitchell, Elizabeth; Liou, Kan;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Occurrence characteristics of equatorial plasma bubbles and total electron content during solar cycle peak 23rd to peak 24th over Bangalore (13.02∘ N, 77.57∘ E)

We present the monthly, seasonal and annual variation in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and \% occurrence rate of Equatorial plasma bubble (EPBs) during the lowest to

Shetti, DJ; Gurav, OB; Seemla, Gopi;

Published by: Astrophysics and Space Science      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1007/s10509-019-3643-8

Review of the accomplishments of mid-latitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radars

The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is a network of high-frequency (HF) radars located in the high- and mid-latitude regions of both hemispheres that is operated under international cooperation. The network was originally designed for monitoring the dynamics of the ionosphere and upper atmosphere in the high-latitude regions. However, over the last approximately 15 years, SuperDARN has expanded into the mid-latitude regions. With radar coverage that now extends continuously from auroral to sub-auroral and mid-latitudes, a wide variety of new scientific findings have been obtained. In this paper, the background of mid-latitude SuperDARN is presented at first. Then, the accomplishments made with mid-latitude SuperDARN radars are reviewed in five specified scientific and technical areas: convection, ionospheric irregularities, HF propagation analysis, ion-neutral interactions, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Finally, the present status of mid-latitude SuperDARN is updated and directions for future research are discussed.

Nishitani, Nozomu; Ruohoniemi, John; Lester, Mark; Baker, Joseph; Koustov, Alexandre; Shepherd, Simon; Chisham, Gareth; Hori, Tomoaki; Thomas, Evan; Makarevich, Roman; , others;

Published by: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1186/s40645-019-0270-5

Influence of Solar Rotation Influence on Ionospheric/Thermospheric Parameters: Modeling and Observations for Case Studies

Klimenko, MV; Ratovsky, KG; Themens, D; Yasukevich, AS; Klimenko, VV;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics over Jicamarca during the 6—11 September 2017 space weather event

We use the observations from the incoherent scatter radar and the magnetometers over Jicamarca (11.95 S, 76.87 W) sector to investigate the equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics

Zhang, Ruilong; Liu, Libo; Le, Huijun; Chen, Yiding;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1029/2018JA026295

Advances in Auroral Studies I

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Robinson, Robert; MacDonald, Elizabeth; Mitchell, Elizabeth;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Small structural differences between two ferrocenyl diphenols determine large discrepancies of reactivity and biological effects

Tonolo, Federica; Salmain, Michèle; Scalcon, Valeria; Top, Siden; Pigeon, Pascal; Folda, Alessandra; Caron, Benoit; Mcglinchey, Michael; Toillon, Robert-Alain; Bindoli, Alberto; , others;

Published by: ChemMedChem      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Critical issues in ionospheric data quality and implications for scientific studies

Araujo-Pradere, E; Weatherhead, EC; Dandenault, PB; Bilitza, D; Wilkinson, P; Coker, C; Akmaev, R; Beig, G; a, Bure\^sov\; Paxton, LJ; , others;

Published by: Radio Science      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

The ionosphere response to severe geomagnetic storm in March 2015 on the base of the data from Eurasian high-middle latitudes ionosonde chain

The ionosphere response to severe geomagnetic storm in March 2015 on the base of the data from Eurasian high-middle latitudes ionosonde chain

A case study comparing citizen science aurora data with global auroral boundaries derived from satellite imagery and empirical models

Ionospheric and Thermospheric Responses to the Recent Strong Solar Flares on 6 September 2017

Two solar flares X2.2 and X9.3 erupted over the active region 2673 on 6 September 2017, and the second flare is the strongest since 2005. In order to investigate the ionospheric and thermospheric responses to the two solar flares, the global total electron content and the critical frequency of F2 layer obtained from GPS stations and ionosondes are used. The results indicate that the ionosphere in the sunlit hemisphere increased significantly with magnitudes of 0.1 and 0.5 total electron content units for the X2.2 and X9.3 solar flares, respectively. The electron density, thermospheric neutral density, and neutral temperature simulated by the Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model show that the behavior of ionospheric and thermospheric responses is different. The ionospheric disturbances occurred at the altitude ranges of 150-300\ km, and the thermospheric responses occurred at the altitudes of 250-400\ km are caused by solar extreme ultraviolet and ultraviolet photons, respectively. Both ionospheric and thermospheric responses are proportional to the height within their corresponding altitude ranges. Observations and simulations reveal that the ionospheric and thermospheric responses are nonlinearly dependent on the solar zenith angle. The disturbances caused by the X2.2 solar flare are symmetric, but the X9.3 solar flare are not. The O/N₂ density ratio simulated by Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model increases from lev0 to lev5.0 pressure surface with a magnitude of 0.1\textendash1.8, while the ratio decreases in the American sector with a magnitude of -0.6 to -0.3. The longitudinal asymmetry of O/N₂ density ratio is a major contributor to the longitudinal asymmetry of ionospheric and thermospheric responses.

Li, Wang; Yue, Jianping; Yang, Yang; He, Changyong; Hu, Andong; Zhang, Kefei;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 10/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025700

Changes in the middle and upper atmosphere parameters during the January 2013 sudden stratospheric warming

We present the results of complex obser-vationsof various parameters of the middle and upper atmosphere over Siberia in December 2012 \textendashJanuary 2013, during a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. We analyze variations in ozone concentra-tion from microwave measurements, in stratosphere and lower mesosphere temperatures from lidar and satellite measurements, in the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2), in the total electron content (TEC), as well as in the ra-tio of concentrations of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen (O/N2) in the thermosphere.To interpret the observed disturbances in the upper atmosphere, the ex-perimental measurements are compared with the results of model calculations obtained with the Global Self-Consistent Model of Thermosphere\textemdashIonosphere\textemdashProtonosphere (GSM TIP). The response of the upper atmosphere to the SSW event is shown to be a decreasein foF2 and TEC during the evolution of the warming event and a prolonged increase in O/N2, foF2, and TEC after the SSW maximum. For the first time, we observe the relation between the increase in stratospheric ozone, thermospheric O/N2, and ionospheric electron densityfor a fairly long time (up to 20 days) after the SSW maximum at midlatitudes.

Ясюкевич, Анна; Yasyukevich, Anna; Клименко, Максим; Klimenko, Maksim; Куликов, Юрий; Kulikov, Yury; Клименко, Владимир; Klimenko, Vladimir; Бессараб, Федор; Bessarab, Fedor; Кореньков, Юрий; Korenkov, Yuriy; Маричев, Валерий; Marichev, Valery; Ратовский, Константин; Ratovsky, Konstantin; Колесник, Сергей; Kolesnik, Sergey;

Published by: Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika      Published on: 08/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.12737/issue_5c1b83b913d443.7589563310.12737/szf-44201807

Investigation of the Causes of the Longitudinal and Solar Cycle Variation of the Electron Density in the Bering Sea and Weddell Sea Anomalies

This paper investigates and quantifies the longitudinal, solar cyclical, and diurnal variation of the ionosphere peak electron density observed by six ionosondes located between 18 and 151\textdegreeE near 60\textdegreeN. Embedded within this region is the Bering Sea anomaly (BSA) where the midnight peak electron density exceeds the midday peak electron density in summer. The BSA is a region West of Alaska extending from approximately 100\textdegree to 200\textdegree east geographic longitude and 55\textdegree to 70\textdegree north geographic latitude at its widest. By comparing a physical model with ionosonde data from the 1970s and 1980s, it is found that longitudinal changes in the neutral winds and neutral densities are the most likely explanation for the electron density variation between 18 and 151\textdegreeE near 60\textdegreeN. Longitudinal differences in magnetic declination and inclination are small and have a negligible effect on the electron density behavior. Our definition of and the behavior of the BSA are analogous to the Weddell Sea anomaly (WSA), a region in the Southern Hemisphere where the midnight peak electron density also exceeds the midday peak electron density in summer. Although the overall BSA electron density is a factor of 2 smaller than that in the WSA, the two anomalies have similar midnight to midday electron density ratios. It is found that the BSA gets stronger with increasing solar activity, while the WSA gets weaker. It is also demonstrated that including vibrationally excited N₂ in an ionosphere model is crucial for producing the observed midnight to midday electron density ratios.

Richards, P.; Meier, R.; Chen, Shihping; Dandenault, P.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 08/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025413

Observations of Spatial Variations in O/N ₂ During an Auroral Substorm Using the Multichannel Downlooking Camera on the VISIONS Rocket

At 0821 UT on 7 February 2013, during an auroral substorm, the NASA VISIONS rocket was launched northward from Poker Flat Research Range on a flight to approximately 750-km altitude that terminated in the Arctic Ocean. A subpayload jettisoned on the up leg carried a multichannel optical imager that looked downward and observed the auroral emission through four narrow passband filters. Three of the channels had sufficiently strong signal to allow a measure of the time evolution of the horizontal extent of the electron aurora and changes in the ratio of the column O to the column N₂. These data revealed rather rapid changes in this measure of composition over an area larger than would be expected from the changes expected from particle and Joule heating. Although such rapid large changes have been observed previously, and Christensen et al. (1997, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA01800) had hypothesized that they were due to enhanced turbulent diffusion, this imaging experiment is the first to show their evolution over a large area. On the down leg the camera was able to see the vertical spatial extent of the auroral emission which is consistent with the decrease in O/N₂ seen in the downlooking data. The change in this ratio with altitude suggests the deposition of an additional number of low-energy electrons that would cause a larger decrease in that ratio at higher altitudes.

Hecht, J.; Clemmons, J.; Conde, M.; Hampton, D.; Michell, R.; Rowland, D.; Pfaff, R.; Walterscheid, R.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 07/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025288

Observations of Spatial Variations in O/N ₂ During an Auroral Substorm Using the Multichannel Downlooking Camera on the VISIONS Rocket

At 0821 UT on 7 February 2013, during an auroral substorm, the NASA VISIONS rocket was launched northward from Poker Flat Research Range on a flight to approximately 750-km altitude that terminated in the Arctic Ocean. A subpayload jettisoned on the up leg carried a multichannel optical imager that looked downward and observed the auroral emission through four narrow passband filters. Three of the channels had sufficiently strong signal to allow a measure of the time evolution of the horizontal extent of the electron aurora and changes in the ratio of the column O to the column N₂. These data revealed rather rapid changes in this measure of composition over an area larger than would be expected from the changes expected from particle and Joule heating. Although such rapid large changes have been observed previously, and Christensen et al. (1997, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA01800) had hypothesized that they were due to enhanced turbulent diffusion, this imaging experiment is the first to show their evolution over a large area. On the down leg the camera was able to see the vertical spatial extent of the auroral emission which is consistent with the decrease in O/N₂ seen in the downlooking data. The change in this ratio with altitude suggests the deposition of an additional number of low-energy electrons that would cause a larger decrease in that ratio at higher altitudes.

Hecht, J.; Clemmons, J.; Conde, M.; Hampton, D.; Michell, R.; Rowland, D.; Pfaff, R.; Walterscheid, R.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 07/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025288

Observations of Spatial Variations in O/N ₂ During an Auroral Substorm Using the Multichannel Downlooking Camera on the VISIONS Rocket

At 0821 UT on 7 February 2013, during an auroral substorm, the NASA VISIONS rocket was launched northward from Poker Flat Research Range on a flight to approximately 750-km altitude that terminated in the Arctic Ocean. A subpayload jettisoned on the up leg carried a multichannel optical imager that looked downward and observed the auroral emission through four narrow passband filters. Three of the channels had sufficiently strong signal to allow a measure of the time evolution of the horizontal extent of the electron aurora and changes in the ratio of the column O to the column N₂. These data revealed rather rapid changes in this measure of composition over an area larger than would be expected from the changes expected from particle and Joule heating. Although such rapid large changes have been observed previously, and Christensen et al. (1997, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA01800) had hypothesized that they were due to enhanced turbulent diffusion, this imaging experiment is the first to show their evolution over a large area. On the down leg the camera was able to see the vertical spatial extent of the auroral emission which is consistent with the decrease in O/N₂ seen in the downlooking data. The change in this ratio with altitude suggests the deposition of an additional number of low-energy electrons that would cause a larger decrease in that ratio at higher altitudes.

Hecht, J.; Clemmons, J.; Conde, M.; Hampton, D.; Michell, R.; Rowland, D.; Pfaff, R.; Walterscheid, R.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 07/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025288

ROTI Maps: a new IGS ionospheric product characterizing the ionospheric irregularities occurrence

The International GNSS Service (IGS) has recently accepted for official release a new ionospheric product to characterize ionospheric irregularity and intensity as derived from multi-site ground-based GPS observations. This product was developed and implemented in the Space Radio-Diagnostic Research Center (SRRC), University of Warmia and Mazury. The SRRC has implemented this approach using in-house software for multi-step processing and interpretation of carrier phase delays in dual-frequency GPS signals and provides the new product to the IGS database. We used measurements with 30-s sampling rate from about 700 GPS stations located at high and middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The product represents changes in the GPS-based Rate of TEC Index (ROTI) and has a polar projection within a range of 50\textdegree\textendash90\textdegreeN in geomagnetic latitude and 00\textendash24 magnetic local time. The new service allows regular monitoring of ionospheric irregularities over the Northern Hemisphere. We demonstrate results of visualization and analysis of the IGS ROTI Maps product for representative periods with geomagnetically quiet conditions and severe geomagnetic storms in 2014\textendash2015 in order to demonstrate the performance and ability of this product to depict the development of ionospheric irregularities in the area of interest. During space weather events, the ionospheric irregularities oval, as deduced from the ROTI Maps, expands significantly in size toward midlatitudes with simultaneous increase in irregularities intensity, which can lead to degradation of the GPS precise positioning performance at lower latitudes.

Cherniak, Iurii; Krankowski, Andrzej; Zakharenkova, Irina;

Published by: GPS Solutions      Published on: 06/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1007/s10291-018-0730-1

High-Latitude Observations of a Localized Wind Wall and Its Coupling to the Lower Thermosphere

Reversals in the thermospheric zonal winds at altitudes of 140 to 250\ km from eastward to westward have been found at southern geographic latitudes between 60\textdegree and 70\textdegree. These are confined to a narrow region between 100\textdegree and 200\textdegree in longitude with zonal velocities regularly of -400\ m/s, sometimes reaching -600\ m/s, so sharply defined that the authors describe it as a \textquotedblleftwind wall.\textquotedblright The observations were made by the Wind Imaging Interferometer on National Aeronautics and Space Administration\textquoterights Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, and they occur as the field of view crosses the high polar cap wind field. The wind reversals at the wall boundaries create a convergence on the west side of the wall and a divergence on the east side that potentially generate vertical flows, consistent with observed perturbations in the O(¹S) emission rate. They are present about one half of the time in local summer and autumn.

Shepherd, Gordon; Shepherd, Marianna;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on: 05/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2018GL077722

High-Latitude Observations of a Localized Wind Wall and Its Coupling to the Lower Thermosphere

Reversals in the thermospheric zonal winds at altitudes of 140 to 250\ km from eastward to westward have been found at southern geographic latitudes between 60\textdegree and 70\textdegree. These are confined to a narrow region between 100\textdegree and 200\textdegree in longitude with zonal velocities regularly of -400\ m/s, sometimes reaching -600\ m/s, so sharply defined that the authors describe it as a \textquotedblleftwind wall.\textquotedblright The observations were made by the Wind Imaging Interferometer on National Aeronautics and Space Administration\textquoterights Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, and they occur as the field of view crosses the high polar cap wind field. The wind reversals at the wall boundaries create a convergence on the west side of the wall and a divergence on the east side that potentially generate vertical flows, consistent with observed perturbations in the O(¹S) emission rate. They are present about one half of the time in local summer and autumn.

Shepherd, Gordon; Shepherd, Marianna;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on: 05/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2018GL077722

Multivariable Comprehensive Analysis of Two Great Geomagnetic Storms of 2015

During the year 2015 two great geomagnetic storms (Dst\ \<\ -200\ nT) occurred on 17 March and 22 June. These two geomagnetic storms have similarities. They occurred during the same decreasing phase of the sunspot cycle 24. The interplanetary and magnetospheric environments were calm before the beginning of the storms. Both events were due to Coronal Mass Ejections and High-Speed Solar Wind. Variations of the solar wind velocity and the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field were also similar. Two key features that are different for these storms are UT time of the beginning (04:45 UT for 17 March and 18:33 UT for 22 June) and season (equinox and solstice). The comparison of the impact of the storms on the Earth ionosphere and magnetosphere has been performed using diverse parameters including global ionospheric maps of vertical total electron content, data from individual Global Navigation Satellite System receivers, ionosondes, magnetometers, and instruments from different space missions. Visualizing global ionospheric map data as the difference of vertical total electron content between consecutive days allowed understanding better the effect of the storms as a function of time of the beginning of the storm and of the season. It is shown that the presence or absence of scintillations in Global Navigation Satellite System signals during these two storms in African longitude sector is clearly related to the local time at a given station at the beginning of the storm.

Kashcheyev, A.; e, Migoya-Oru\; Amory-Mazaudier, C.; Fleury, R.; Nava, B.; Alazo-Cuartas, K.; Radicella, S.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 04/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2017JA024900

Was Magnetic Storm the Only Driver of the Long-Duration Enhancements of Daytime Total Electron Content in the Asian-Australian Sector Between 7 and 12 September 2017?

In this study, multiple data sets from Beidou geostationary orbit satellites total electron contents (TECs), ionosonde, meteor radar, magnetometer, and model simulations have been used to investigate the ionospheric responses in the Asian-Australian sector during the September 2017 geomagnetic storm. It was found that long-duration daytime TEC enhancements that lasted from 7 to 12 September 2017 were observed by the Beidou geostationary orbit satellite constellation. This is a unique event as the prominent TEC enhancements persisted during the storm recovery phase when geomagnetic activity became quiet. The Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model predicted that the TEC enhancements on 7\textendash9 September were associated with the geomagnetic activity, but it showed significant electron density depletions on 10 and 11 September in contrast to the observed TEC enhancements. Our results suggested that the observed long-duration TEC enhancements from 7 to 12 September are mainly associated with the interplay of ionospheric dynamics and electrodynamics. Nevertheless, the root causes for the observed TEC enhancements seen in the storm recovery phase are unknown and require further observations and model studies.

Lei, Jiuhou; Huang, Fuqing; Chen, Xuetao; Zhong, Jiahao; Ren, Dexin; Wang, Wenbin; Yue, Xinan; Luan, Xiaoli; Jia, Mingjiao; Dou, Xiankang; Hu, Lianhuan; Ning, Baiqi; Owolabi, Charles; Chen, Jinsong; Li, Guozhu; Xue, Xianghui;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 04/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2017JA025166

Was Magnetic Storm the Only Driver of the Long-Duration Enhancements of Daytime Total Electron Content in the Asian-Australian Sector Between 7 and 12 September 2017?

In this study, multiple data sets from Beidou geostationary orbit satellites total electron contents (TECs), ionosonde, meteor radar, magnetometer, and model simulations have been used to investigate the ionospheric responses in the Asian-Australian sector during the September 2017 geomagnetic storm. It was found that long-duration daytime TEC enhancements that lasted from 7 to 12 September 2017 were observed by the Beidou geostationary orbit satellite constellation. This is a unique event as the prominent TEC enhancements persisted during the storm recovery phase when geomagnetic activity became quiet. The Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model predicted that the TEC enhancements on 7\textendash9 September were associated with the geomagnetic activity, but it showed significant electron density depletions on 10 and 11 September in contrast to the observed TEC enhancements. Our results suggested that the observed long-duration TEC enhancements from 7 to 12 September are mainly associated with the interplay of ionospheric dynamics and electrodynamics. Nevertheless, the root causes for the observed TEC enhancements seen in the storm recovery phase are unknown and require further observations and model studies.

Lei, Jiuhou; Huang, Fuqing; Chen, Xuetao; Zhong, Jiahao; Ren, Dexin; Wang, Wenbin; Yue, Xinan; Luan, Xiaoli; Jia, Mingjiao; Dou, Xiankang; Hu, Lianhuan; Ning, Baiqi; Owolabi, Charles; Chen, Jinsong; Li, Guozhu; Xue, Xianghui;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 04/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2017JA025166

A Comparative Study of Spectral Auroral Intensity Predictions From Multiple Electron Transport Models

It is important to routinely examine and update models used to predict auroral emissions resulting from precipitating electrons in Earth\textquoterights magnetotail. These models are commonly used to invert spectral auroral ground-based images to infer characteristics about incident electron populations when in situ measurements are unavailable. In this work, we examine and compare auroral emission intensities predicted by three commonly used electron transport models using varying electron population characteristics. We then compare model predictions to same-volume in situ electron measurements and ground-based imaging to qualitatively examine modeling prediction error. Initial comparisons showed differences in predictions by the GLobal airglOW (GLOW) model and the other transport models examined. Chemical reaction rates and radiative rates in GLOW were updated using recent publications, and predictions showed better agreement with the other models and the same-volume data, stressing that these rates are important to consider when modeling auroral processes. Predictions by each model exhibit similar behavior for varying atmospheric constants, energies, and energy fluxes. Same-volume electron data and images are highly correlated with predictions by each model, showing that these models can be used to accurately derive electron characteristics and ionospheric parameters based solely on multispectral optical imaging data.

Grubbs, Guy; Michell, Robert; Samara, Marilia; Hampton, Donald; Hecht, James; Solomon, Stanley; Jahn, Jörg-Micha;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 01/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1002/2017JA025026

A Comparative Study of Spectral Auroral Intensity Predictions From Multiple Electron Transport Models

It is important to routinely examine and update models used to predict auroral emissions resulting from precipitating electrons in Earth\textquoterights magnetotail. These models are commonly used to invert spectral auroral ground-based images to infer characteristics about incident electron populations when in situ measurements are unavailable. In this work, we examine and compare auroral emission intensities predicted by three commonly used electron transport models using varying electron population characteristics. We then compare model predictions to same-volume in situ electron measurements and ground-based imaging to qualitatively examine modeling prediction error. Initial comparisons showed differences in predictions by the GLobal airglOW (GLOW) model and the other transport models examined. Chemical reaction rates and radiative rates in GLOW were updated using recent publications, and predictions showed better agreement with the other models and the same-volume data, stressing that these rates are important to consider when modeling auroral processes. Predictions by each model exhibit similar behavior for varying atmospheric constants, energies, and energy fluxes. Same-volume electron data and images are highly correlated with predictions by each model, showing that these models can be used to accurately derive electron characteristics and ionospheric parameters based solely on multispectral optical imaging data.

Grubbs, Guy; Michell, Robert; Samara, Marilia; Hampton, Donald; Hecht, James; Solomon, Stanley; Jahn, Jörg-Micha;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 01/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1002/2017JA025026

Features of High-Lat Ionospheric Irregularities Development as Revealed by Ground-Based GPS Observations, Satellite-Borne GPS Observations and Satellite In Situ Measurements over the Territory of Russia during the Geomagnetic Storm on March 17-18, 2015

The dynamic picture of the response of the high- and mid-latitude ionosphere to the strong geomagnetic disturbances on March 17-18, 2015, has been studied with ground-based and satellite observations, mainly, by transionospheric measurements of delays of GPS (Global Positioning System) signals. The advantages of the joint use of ground-based GPS measurements and GPS measurements on board of the Swarm Low-Earth-Orbit satellite mission for monitoring of the appearance of ionospheric irregularities over the territory of Russia are shown for the first time. The results of analysis of ground-based and space-borne GPS observations, as well as satellite, in situ measurements, revealed large-scale ionospheric plasma irregularities observed over the territory of Russia in the latitude range of 50^o - 85^o N during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm. The most intense ionospheric irregularities were detected in the auroral zone and in the region of the main ionospheric trough (MIT). It has been found that sharp changes in the phase of the carrier frequency of the navigation signal from all tracked satellites were recorded at all GPS stations located to the North from 55^o MLAT. The development of a deep MIT was related to dynamic processes in the subauroral ionosphere, in particular, with electric fields of the intense subauroral polarization stream. Analysis of the electron and ion density values obtained by instruments on board of the Swarm and DMSP satellites showed that the zone of highly structured auroral ionosphere extended at least to heights of 850-900 km.

Zakharenkova, I.; Cherniak, Iu.; Shagimuratov, I.; Klimenko, M.;

Published by: Geomagnetism and Aeronomy      Published on: 01/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1134/S0016793217050176

Driving of strong nightside reconnection and geomagnetic activity by polar cap flows: application to CME shocks and possibly other situations

Lyons, LR; Gallardo-Lacourt, B; Zou, Y; Nishimura, Y; Anderson, P; , Angelopoulos; Donovan, EF; Ruohoniemi, JM; Mitchell, E; Paxton, LJ; , others;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Neutralized solar wind ahead of the Earth s magnetopause as contribution to non-thermal exospheric hydrogen

Their exciting result is inferred from radiative transfer modeling of Lyman-alpha resonance glow measurements made with the satellite TIMED/GUVI. To best fit these results with their

Fahr, Hans; Nass, Uwe; Dutta-Roy, Robindro; Zoennchen, Jochen;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.5194/angeo-36-445-2018

Longitudinal and seasonal variations of O (1D) nightglow emission maxima at southern midlatitudes

Initial observations with the global ultraviolet imager (GUVI) in the NASA TIMED satellite and mass density observed with WINDII, GUVI, GOCE and simulated by NRLMSISE-00

Shepherd, Marianna;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2017.11.012

The ionospheric connection explorer mission: Mission goals and design

The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a new NASA Explorer mission that will explore the boundary between Earth and space to understand the physical connection

Immel, Thomas; England, SL; Mende, SB; Heelis, RA; Englert, CR; Edelstein, J; Frey, HU; Korpela, EJ; Taylor, ER; Craig, WW; , others;

Published by: Space Science Reviews      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1007/s11214-017-0449-2

Interhemispheric survey of polar cap aurora

Reidy, Jade; Fear, RC; Whiter, DK; Lanchester, B; Kavanagh, Andrew; Milan, SE; Carter, JA; Paxton, LJ; Zhang, Y;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Material flux from the rings of Saturn into its atmosphere

Perry, ME; , Waite; Mitchell, DG; Miller, KE; Cravens, TE; Perryman, RS; Moore, L; Yelle, RV; Hsu, H-W; Hedman, MM; , others;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Material flux from the rings of Saturn into its atmosphere

Perry, ME; , Waite; Mitchell, DG; Miller, KE; Cravens, TE; Perryman, RS; Moore, L; Yelle, RV; Hsu, H-W; Hedman, MM; , others;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Development of a new aurora model for the small-and meso-scale structures through deep-learning methods and their influence on the upper atmosphere

Deng, Y; Chen, Z; , Wang; Sheng, Cheng; , Jin; Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Deng, Xiaohua; Huang, Chung-Ming;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Development of a new aurora model for the small-and meso-scale structures through deep-learning methods and their influence on the upper atmosphere

Deng, Y; Chen, Z; , Wang; Sheng, Cheng; , Jin; Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Deng, Xiaohua; Huang, Chung-Ming;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Scientific Ballooning for Imaging Earth's Aurora under the Sun

Zhou, Xiaoyan; Rafol, SB; Hampton, Donald; He, Yutao; Lummerzheim, Dirk; Michell, Robert;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Scientific Ballooning for Imaging Earth's Aurora under the Sun

Zhou, Xiaoyan; Rafol, SB; Hampton, Donald; He, Yutao; Lummerzheim, Dirk; Michell, Robert;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Scientific Ballooning for Imaging Earth's Aurora under the Sun

Zhou, Xiaoyan; Rafol, SB; Hampton, Donald; He, Yutao; Lummerzheim, Dirk; Michell, Robert;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

The 2018 Parker Solar/Heliophysics Lecture

Paxton, Larry; Cohen, Christina;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Vertical Coupling in the Ionosphere—Thermosphere System I Posters

Heelis, Roderick; Rowland, Douglas; Paxton, Larry;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Changes in the Stratosphere and Ionosphere Parameters During the 2013 Major Stratospheric Warming

The paper presents the results of the complex experiment (lidar and ozonometric observations), carried out during the period of the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the North Asia region. The data of this experiment were supplemented by the ionospheric parameters observations. We considered variations in the critical frequency and peak height of the ionospheric F2-layer (foF2) from ionosonde measurements in Tomsk and Irkutsk, as well as the behavior of the total electron content (TEC) based on the phase dual-frequency GPS/GLONASS receivers\textquoteright data. We revealed significant variations in the stratosphere ozone concentration, ionospheric electron density, as well as in the thermosphere O/N ₂ ratio with the similar pattern during the SSW. The ionospheric response to SSW in the middle and high-latitude regions is suggested to be caused by changes in the neutral composition at the thermosphere altitudes.

Yasyukevich, Anna; Kulikov, Yury; Klimenko, Maxim; Klimenko, Vladimir; Bessarab, Fedor; Korenkov, Yury; Marichev, Valery; Ratovsky, Konstantin; Kolesnik, Sergey;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.23919/URSI-AT-RASC.2018.8471322

Latitudinal features of Total Electron Content over the African and European longitude sector following the St. Patrick’s day storm of 2015

Paul, A; Kascheyev, A; Rodriguez-Bouza, M; PATHAK, K; Ferreira, AA; Shetti, D; Yao, JN;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Latitudinal features of Total Electron Content over the African and European longitude sector following the St. Patrick’s day storm of 2015

Paul, A; Kascheyev, A; Rodriguez-Bouza, M; PATHAK, K; Ferreira, AA; Shetti, D; Yao, JN;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Reconstruction the Ionospheric Responses to the October-November 2003 Halloween Super Storm: A Data Assimilation Approach

Chang, Yu-Shan; Chen, Chia-Hung; Lin, Charles; Chu, Hung-Hsuan; Matsuo, Tomoko;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI: