Bibliography

Prominent daytime TEC enhancements under the quiescent condition of January 2017

UltraViolet Imager (GUVI) for the longitude and latitude bins of 30 and 10, respectively. However, as shown in Figure 3c, the O/N 2 ratio from Global UltraViolet Imager (GUVI) had no

Huang, Fuqing; Lei, Jiuhou; Zhang, Ruilong; Li, Na; Gu, Shengyang; Yu, You; Liu, Libo; Owolabi, Charles; Ning, Baiqi; Li, Guozhu; , others;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1029/2020GL088398

Was Magnetic Storm the Only Driver of the Long-Duration Enhancements of Daytime Total Electron Content in the Asian-Australian Sector Between 7 and 12 September 2017?

In this study, multiple data sets from Beidou geostationary orbit satellites total electron contents (TECs), ionosonde, meteor radar, magnetometer, and model simulations have been used to investigate the ionospheric responses in the Asian-Australian sector during the September 2017 geomagnetic storm. It was found that long-duration daytime TEC enhancements that lasted from 7 to 12 September 2017 were observed by the Beidou geostationary orbit satellite constellation. This is a unique event as the prominent TEC enhancements persisted during the storm recovery phase when geomagnetic activity became quiet. The Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model predicted that the TEC enhancements on 7\textendash9 September were associated with the geomagnetic activity, but it showed significant electron density depletions on 10 and 11 September in contrast to the observed TEC enhancements. Our results suggested that the observed long-duration TEC enhancements from 7 to 12 September are mainly associated with the interplay of ionospheric dynamics and electrodynamics. Nevertheless, the root causes for the observed TEC enhancements seen in the storm recovery phase are unknown and require further observations and model studies.

Lei, Jiuhou; Huang, Fuqing; Chen, Xuetao; Zhong, Jiahao; Ren, Dexin; Wang, Wenbin; Yue, Xinan; Luan, Xiaoli; Jia, Mingjiao; Dou, Xiankang; Hu, Lianhuan; Ning, Baiqi; Owolabi, Charles; Chen, Jinsong; Li, Guozhu; Xue, Xianghui;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 04/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2017JA025166

GPS phase scintillation at high latitudes during geomagnetic storms of 7—17 March 2012—Part 2: Interhemispheric comparison

During the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, a series of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the period 7–17 March 2012 caused geomagnetic storms that strongly

Prikryl, P; Ghoddousi-Fard, R; Spogli, L; Mitchell, CN; Li, G; Ning, B; Cilliers, PJ; , Sreeja; Aquino, M; Terkildsen, M; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2015     DOI: 10.5194/angeo-33-637-2015

A case study of ionospheric storm effects during long-lasting southward IMF B _z -driven geomagnetic storm

Multiple instrumental observations including GPS total electron content (TEC), f_oF₂ and h_mF₂ from ionosondes, vertical ion drift measurements from Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System, magnetometer data, and far ultraviolet airglow measured by Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Global Ultraviolet Imager (TIMED/GUVI) are used to investigate the profound ionospheric disturbances at midlatitude and low latitude during the 14\textendash17 July 2012 geomagnetic storm event, which was featured by prolonged southward interplanetary geomagnetic field component for about 30 h below -10 nT. In the East Asian/Australian sector, latitudinal profile of TEC variations in the main phase were characterized by three bands of increments and separated by weak depressions in the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) crest regions, which were caused by the combined effects of disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEF) and equatorward neutral winds. In the recovery phase, strong inhibition of EIA occurred and the summer crest of EIA disappeared on 16 July due to the combined effects of intrusion of neutral composition disturbance zone as shown by the TIMED/GUVI O/N₂ measurements and long-lasting daytime westward DDEF inferred from the equatorial electrojet observations. The transit time of DDEF over the dip equator from westward to eastward is around 2200 LT. In the American longitude, the salient ionospheric disturbances in the summer hemisphere were characterized by daytime periodical intrusion of negative phase for three consecutive days in the recovery phase, preceded by storm-enhanced density plume in the initial phase. In addition, multiple short-lived prompt penetration electric fields appeared during stable southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B_z in the recovery phase and were responsible for enhanced the EIA and equatorial ionospheric uplift around sunset.

Liu, Jing; Liu, Libo; Nakamura, Takuji; Zhao, Biqiang; Ning, Baiqi; Yoshikawa, A.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 09/2014

YEAR: 2014     DOI: 10.1002/jgra.v119.910.1002/2014JA020273

GUVI; Ionospheric storm; prompt penetration electric fields; TIMED

A case study of ionospheric storm effects during long-lasting southward IMF Bz-driven geomagnetic storm

Liu, Jing; Liu, Libo; Nakamura, Takuji; Zhao, Biqiang; Ning, Baiqi; Yoshikawa, A;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2014     DOI:

East-west differences in F -region electron density at midlatitude: Evidence from the Far East region

The global configuration of the geomagnetic field shows that the maximum east-west difference in geomagnetic declination of northern middle latitude lies in the US region (~32\textdegree), which produces the significant ionospheric east-west coast difference in terms of total electron content first revealed by Zhang et al. (2011). For verification, it is valuable to investigate this feature over the Far East area, which also shows significant geomagnetic declination east-west gradient but smaller (~15\textdegree) than that of the US. The current study provides evidence of the longitudinal change supporting the thermospheric zonal wind mechanism by examining the climatology of peak electron density (NmF2), electron density (Ne) of different altitudes in the Far East regions with a longitude separation of up to 40\textendash60\textdegree based on ground ionosonde and space-based measurements. Although the east-west difference (R_ew) over the Far East area displays a clear diurnal variation similar to the US feature, that is negative R_ew (West Ne \> East Ne) in the noon and positive at evening-night, the observational results reveal more differences including: (1) The noontime negative R_ew is most pronounced in April\textendashJune while in the US during February\textendashMarch. Thus, for the late spring and summer period negative R_ew over the Far East region is more significant than that of the US. (2) The positive R_ew at night is much less evident than in the US, especially without winter enhancement. (3) The magnitude of negative R_ew tends to enhance toward solar maximum while in the US showing anticorrelation with the solar activity. The altitude distribution of pronounced negative difference (300\textendash400 km) moves upward as the solar flux increases and hence produces the different solar activity dependence at different altitude. The result in the paper is not simply a comparison corresponding to the US results but raises some new features that are worth further studying and improve our current understanding of ionospheric longitude difference at midlatitude.

Zhao, Biqiang; Wang, Min; Wang, Yungang; Ren, Zhipeng; Yue, Xinan; Zhu, Jie; Wan, Weixing; Ning, Baiqi; Liu, Jing; Xiong, Bo;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 01/2013

YEAR: 2013     DOI: 10.1029/2012JA018235

geomagnetic declination; longitudinal variation; midlatitude ionosphere

A simulation study for the couplings between DE3 tide and longitudinal WN4 structure in the thermosphere and ionosphere

Wan, W.; Ren, Z.; Ding, F.; Xiong, J.; Liu, L.; Ning, B.; Zhao, B.; Li, G.; Zhang, M.-L.;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on: Jan-12-2012

YEAR: 2012     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.04.011

Correlation between the ionospheric WN4 signature and the upper atmospheric DE3 tide

Wan, W.; Xiong, J.; Ren, Z.; Liu, L.; Zhang, M.-L.; Ding, F.; Ning, B.; Zhao, B.; Yue, X.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research      Published on: Jan-01-2010

YEAR: 2010     DOI: 10.1029/2010JA015527

Ionosphere around equinoxes during low solar activity

Liu, Libo; He, Maosheng; Yue, Xin\textquoterightan; Ning, Baiqi; Wan, Weixing;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research      Published on: Jan-01-2010

YEAR: 2010     DOI: 10.1029/2010JA015318

Variability study of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio of the equatorial ionization anomaly around 120\textdegreeE longitude

Zhang, Man-Lian; Wan, Weixing; Liu, Libo; Ning, Baiqi;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on: Jan-06-2009

YEAR: 2009     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2008.09.031

Ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm on 13\textendash17 April 2006 in the West Pacific region

This paper presents an investigation of geomagnetic storm effects in the equatorial and middle-low latitude F-region in the West Pacific sector during the intense geomagnetic storm on 13\textendash17 April, 2006. The event, preceded by a minor storm, started at 2130 UT on April 13 while interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)\ B_zcomponent was ready to turn southward. From 14\textendash17 the ionosphere was characterized by a large scale enhancement in critical frequency, foF2 (4\~6\ MHz) and total electron content (TEC) (\~30TECU, 1TECU=1\texttimes10¹⁶el/m²) followed by a long-duration negative phase observed through the simultaneous ionospheric sounding measurements from 14 stations and GPS network along the meridian 120\textdegreeE. A periodic wave structure, known as traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) was observed in the morning sector during the initial phase of the storm which should be associated with the impulsive magnetospheric energy injection to the auroral. In the afternoon and nighttime, the positive phase should be caused by the combination of equatorward winds and disturbed electric fields verified through the equatorial F-layer peak height variation and modeled upward drift of Fejer and Scherliess [1997. Empirical models of storm time equatorial electric fields. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 24,047\textendash24,056]. It is shown that the large positive storm effect was more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere during the morning-noon sector on April 15 and negative phase reached to lower magnetic latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere which may be related to the asymmetry of the thermospheric condition during the storm.

Zhao, Biqiang; Wan, Weixing; Liu, Libo; Igarashi, K.; Yumoto, K.; Ning, Baiqi;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on: Jan-01-2009

YEAR: 2009     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.09.029

Magnetic storm; total electron content; Mid-low latitude

Variability study of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio of the equatorial ionization anomaly around 120 E longitude

Zhang, Man-Lian; Wan, Weixing; Liu, Libo; Ning, Baiqi;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI:

Ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm on 13–17 April 2006 in the West Pacific region

This paper presents an investigation of geomagnetic storm effects in the equatorial and middle-low latitude F-region in the West Pacific sector during the intense geomagnetic storm on 13–17 April, 2006. The event, preceded by a minor storm, started at 2130 UT on April 13 while interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz component was ready to turn southward. From 14–17 the ionosphere was characterized by a large scale enhancement in critical frequency, foF2 (4∼6MHz) and total electron content (TEC) (∼30TECU, 1TECU=1×1016el/m2) followed by a long-duration negative phase observed through the simultaneous ionospheric sounding measurements from 14 stations and GPS network along the meridian 120°E. A periodic wave structure, known as traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) was observed in the morning sector during the initial phase of the storm which should be associated with the impulsive magnetospheric energy injection to the auroral. In the afternoon and nighttime, the positive phase should be caused by the combination of equatorward winds and disturbed electric fields verified through the equatorial F-layer peak height variation and modeled upward drift of Fejer and Scherliess [1997. Empirical models of storm time equatorial electric fields. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 24,047–24,056]. It is shown that the large positive storm effect was more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere during the morning-noon sector on April 15 and negative phase reached to lower magnetic latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere which may be related to the asymmetry of the thermospheric condition during the storm.

Zhao, Biqiang; Wan, Weixing; Liu, Libo; Igarashi, K.; Yumoto, K.; Ning, Baiqi;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2008.09.029

Magnetic storm; total electron content; Mid-low latitude

Ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm on 13—17 April 2006 in the West Pacific region

Zhao, Biqiang; Wan, Weixing; Liu, Libo; Igarashi, K; Yumoto, K; Ning, Baiqi;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI:

Correlative study of plasma bubbles, evening equatorial ionization anomaly, and equatorial prereversal E$\times$ B drifts at solar maximum

Previous ground observations have revealed a correlation that exists between equatorial plasma bubbles, evening equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), and prereversal E × B drift velocity using latitudinal arrays of ionospheric sounders, such as in the Indian and American regions. Besides the ground measurements, the space-based observations also provide a convenient way to study the global-scale variations.

Li, Guozhu; Ning, Baiqi; Liu, Libo; Zhao, Biqiang; Yue, Xinan; Su, S-Y; Venkatraman, Sarita;

Published by: Radio Science      Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI: 10.1029/2007RS003760

Prestorm enhancements in NmF2 and total electron content at low latitudes

The enhancement of electron concentrations in the ionosphere before geomagnetic storms is one of the open questions. Using ionosonde observations and total electron content (TEC) from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements along longitude 120°E, we analyzed three low latitude pre-storm enhancement events that occurred on 21 April (day 111) 2001, 29 May (day 149) 2003, and 22 September (day 265) 2001, respectively, in the Asia/Australia sector. All three events (and other two cases on 9 August 2000 and 10 May 2002) show quite similar features. The strong prestorm enhancements during these events are simultaneously presented in foF2 and TEC and enhancements have latitudinal dependence, tending to occur at low latitudes with maxima near the northern and southern equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests and depletions in the equatorial region. This is quite different from what reported by Burešová and Laštovička (2007) for middle latitudes. They found no systemic latitudinal dependence in prestorm enhancements over Europe. It is argued that solar flares are not the main drivers for the enhancements, at least for low-latitude events. Main features of low-latitude prestorm enhancements do not coincide with the solar flare effects. We postulate that the vertical plasma drift or zonal electric field is a likely cause for the low-latitude prestorm enhancements. Its existence is supported by the facts of stronger EIA, the latitudinal coverage of the enhancements as well as the lift of the F layer peak height at an equatorward station during the prestorm enhancements. Moreover, the behaviors of hmF2 at low latitudes during the prestorm enhancements may possibly be explained in terms of the coupling nature of parallel and perpendicular dynamics at low latitudes (see, e.g., Behnke and Harper, 1973; Rishbeth et al., 1978).

Liu, Libo; Wan, Weixing; Zhang, Man-Lian; Zhao, Biqiang; Ning, Baiqi;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012832

Ionosphere; prestorm enhancement; low latitude

Wavenumber-4 patterns of the total electron content over the low latitude ionosphere

Wan, W; Liu, L; Pi, X; Zhang, M-L; Ning, B; Xiong, J; Ding, F;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

Variations of topside ionospheric scale heights over Millstone Hill during the 30-day incoherent scatter radar experiment

A 30-day incoherent scatter radar (ISR) experiment was conducted at Millstone Hill (288.5 E, 42.6 N) from 4 October to 4 November 2002. The altitude profiles of electron density N e

Liu, L; Wan, W; Zhang, M-L; Ning, B; Zhang, S-R; Holt, JM;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2007     DOI: 10.5194/angeo-25-2019-2007

A Statistical Model of Electron Fluxes into the Earth s Atmosphere

, Sharber; Frahm, FA; Wuest, MP; Crowley, G; Jennings, JK;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2004     DOI:

Comparison of common climatology data

Frahm, RA; Wüest, M; Winningham, JD; , Sharber; Jennings, JK; Crowley, G; Link, R; Hudson, A;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2003     DOI:

Comparison of common climatology data

Frahm, RA; Wüest, M; Winningham, JD; , Sharber; Jennings, JK; Crowley, G; Link, R; Hudson, A;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2003     DOI:

Empirical Modeling of Global Electron Energy Input During the April 2002 Storms

, Sharber; Frahm, RA; Wuest, MP; Crowley, G; Jennings, JK;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2003     DOI:

Construction of a particle climatology for the study of the effects of solar particle fluxes on the atmosphere

, Sharber; Winningham, JD; Frahm, RA; Crowley, G; Ridley, AJ; Link, R;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2002     DOI: