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Far-ultraviolet airglow remote sensing measurements on Feng Yun 3-D meteorological satellite

\textlessp\textgreater\textlessstrong class="journal-contentHeaderColor"\textgreaterAbstract.\textless/strong\textgreater The Ionospheric Photometer (IPM) is carried on the Feng Yun 3-D (FY3D) meteorological satellite, which allows for the measurement of far-ultraviolet (FUV) airglow radiation in the thermosphere. IPM is a compact and high-sensitivity nadir-viewing FUV remote sensing instrument. It monitors 135.6 nm emission in the nightside thermosphere and 135.6 nm and N\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater Lyman–Birge–Hopfield (LBH) emissions in the dayside thermosphere that can be used to invert the peak electron density of the F\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater layer (NmF\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$)\textless/span\textgreater at night and the \textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater\textlessmath xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"\textgreater\textlessmrow class="chem"\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterO\textless/mi\textgreater\textlessmo\textgreater/\textless/mo\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterN\textless/mi\textgreater\textless/mrow\textgreater\textless/math\textgreater\textlessspan\textgreater\textlesssvg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="73a3f14187048fa14eee70dd1027ad23"\textgreater\textlesssvg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00001.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00001.png"/\textgreater\textless/svg:svg\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater ratio in the daytime, respectively. Preliminary observations show that the IPM could monitor the global structure of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) structure around 02:00 LT using atomic oxygen (OI) 135.6 nm nightglow. It could also identify the reduction of \textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater\textlessmath xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"\textgreater\textlessmrow class="chem"\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterO\textless/mi\textgreater\textlessmo\textgreater/\textless/mo\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterN\textless/mi\textgreater\textless/mrow\textgreater\textless/math\textgreater\textlessspan\textgreater\textlesssvg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="7662cd64e23809d534f2b5721e55261b"\textgreater\textlesssvg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00002.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00002.png"/\textgreater\textless/svg:svg\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater in the high-latitude region during the geomagnetic storm of 26 August 2018. The IPM-derived NmF\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater agrees well with that observed by four ionosonde stations along 120\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$^\textrm∘$\textless/span\textgreater E with a standard deviation of 26.67 \%. Initial results demonstrate that the performance of IPM meets the design requirements and therefore can be used to study the thermosphere and ionosphere in the future.\textless/p\textgreater

Wang, Yungang; Fu, Liping; Jiang, Fang; Hu, Xiuqing; Liu, Chengbao; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Li, JiaWei; Ren, Zhipeng; He, Fei; Sun, Lingfeng; Sun, Ling; Yang, Zhongdong; Zhang, Peng; Wang, Jingsong; Mao, Tian;

Published by: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques      Published on: mar

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.5194/amt-15-1577-2022

The day-glow data application of FY-3D IPM in monitoring O/N2

The Ionosphere Photometer (IPM) is a far ultraviolet nadir-viewing photometer that flew aboard the second-generation, polar-orbiting Chinese meteorological satellite FY-3D, which was

Jiang, Fang; Mao, Tian; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Wang, Yungang; Fu, Liping; Hu, Xiuqing; Wang, DaXin; Jia, Nan; Wang, Tianfang; Sun, YueQiang;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105309

The day-glow data application of FY-3D IPM in monitoring O/N2

The Ionosphere Photometer (IPM) is a far ultraviolet nadir-viewing photometer that flew aboard the second-generation, polar-orbiting Chinese meteorological satellite FY-3D, which was

Jiang, Fang; Mao, Tian; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Wang, Yungang; Fu, Liping; Hu, Xiuqing; Wang, DaXin; Jia, Nan; Wang, Tianfang; Sun, YueQiang;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105309

Observation of thermosphere and ionosphere using the ionosphere PhotoMeter (IPM) on the Chinese meteorological satellite FY-3D

The Ionosphere PhotoMeter (IPM) is a far ultraviolet nadir-viewing photometer that flew aboard the second-generation, polar-orbiting Chinese meteorological satellite Feng-Yun 3D (FY-3D), which was launched on November 25th, 2017.

Jiang, Fang; Mao, Tian; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Wang, Yun-Gang; Hu, Xiuqing; Wang, DaXin; Jia, Nan; Wang, Tianfang; Sun, YueQiang; Fu, Li-Ping;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2020.07.027

Observation of thermosphere and ionosphere using the ionosphere PhotoMeter (IPM) on the Chinese meteorological satellite FY-3D

The Ionosphere PhotoMeter (IPM) is a far ultraviolet nadir-viewing photometer that flew aboard the second-generation, polar-orbiting Chinese meteorological satellite Feng-Yun 3D (FY-3D), which was launched on November 25th, 2017.

Jiang, Fang; Mao, Tian; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Wang, Yun-Gang; Hu, Xiuqing; Wang, DaXin; Jia, Nan; Wang, Tianfang; Sun, YueQiang; Fu, Li-Ping;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2020.07.027

Annual and Semiannual Oscillations of Thermospheric Composition in TIMED/GUVI Limb Measurements

The Global UltraViolet Imager (GUVI) onboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite provides a data set of vertical thermospheric composition (O, N₂, and O₂ densities) and temperature profiles from 2002\textendash2007. Even though GUVI sampling is limited by orbital constraint, we demonstrated that the GUVI data set can be used to derive the altitude profiles of the amplitudes and phases of annual oscillation (AO) and semiannual oscillation (SAO), thereby providing important constraints on models seeking to explain these features. We performed a seasonal and interannual analysis of GUVI limb O, O₂, and N₂ densities and volume number density ratio O/N₂ at constant pressure levels. These daytime observations of O and O/N₂ in the lower thermosphere show a strong AO at midlatitudes and a clear SAO at lower latitudes. The global mean GUVI O/N₂ number density ratio shows the AO, with slightly larger values in January than in July and a SAO with O/N₂ greater during equinoxes than at the solstices. O and N₂ densities on fixed pressure levels in the upper thermosphere are anticorrelated with solar extreme ultraviolet flux. On the other hand, O/N₂ is smaller during solar minimum and larger during solar maximum. The thermospheric AO and SAO in composition have a constant phase with altitude throughout the thermosphere.

Yue, Jia; Jian, Yongxiao; Wang, Wenbin; Meier, R.R.; Burns, Alan; Qian, Liying; Jones, M.; Wu, Dong; Mlynczak, Martin;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 04/2019

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1029/2019JA026544

Planetary wave-like oscillations in thermospheric composition

Yue, Jia; Lieberman, Ruth; Wang, Wenbin; Jian, Yongxiao;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Space Weather Events, Hurricanes, and Earthquakes in Mexico in September 2017

In the interval of 4\textendash10 September 2017, the Sun presented multiple solar flares from active region AR 2673. There were also coronal mass ejections that interacted with the Earth\textquoterights magnetosphere. This solar activity produced several space weather events. These events were observed with ground-based instruments of the Mexican Space Weather Service. The Mexican Array RadioTelescope detected highly perturbed solar transits associated with Type I radio emissions from active regions. The Compact Astronomical Low-frequency, Low-cost Instrument for Spectroscopy in Transportable Observatories-Mexican Array RadioTelescope station detected several radio bursts including a Type III associated with the X8.2 flare on 10 September. The magnetometer detected variations reaching a regional K index of 8.3 during the geomagnetic storm. The ionosphere over Mexico was disturbed by different space weather phenomena with the dominant effects of the geomagnetic storm. We used total electron content data to study latitudinal and longitudinal ionospheric effects in this interval. The cosmic rays monitor detected a Forbush decrease associated also with the geomagnetic storm. This low-latitude instrumental network in Mexico allowed estimating the regional response to space weather events. Coincidentally with the space weather events referred above, there were also two other types of natural hazards affecting the country at that moment, the hurricane Katia category 2 in the Gulf of Mexico, and two major earthquakes (7 and 19 September 2018). The conjunction of these natural phenomena were close to creating a worst-case scenario in terms of civil protection reaction.

Gonzalez-Esparza, J.; Sergeeva, M.; Corona-Romero, P.; Mejia-Ambriz, J.; Gonzalez, L.; De la Luz, V.; Aguilar-Rodriguez, E.; Rodriguez, M.; andez, Romero-Hern\;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on: 12/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2018SW001995

Was Magnetic Storm the Only Driver of the Long-Duration Enhancements of Daytime Total Electron Content in the Asian-Australian Sector Between 7 and 12 September 2017?

In this study, multiple data sets from Beidou geostationary orbit satellites total electron contents (TECs), ionosonde, meteor radar, magnetometer, and model simulations have been used to investigate the ionospheric responses in the Asian-Australian sector during the September 2017 geomagnetic storm. It was found that long-duration daytime TEC enhancements that lasted from 7 to 12 September 2017 were observed by the Beidou geostationary orbit satellite constellation. This is a unique event as the prominent TEC enhancements persisted during the storm recovery phase when geomagnetic activity became quiet. The Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model predicted that the TEC enhancements on 7\textendash9 September were associated with the geomagnetic activity, but it showed significant electron density depletions on 10 and 11 September in contrast to the observed TEC enhancements. Our results suggested that the observed long-duration TEC enhancements from 7 to 12 September are mainly associated with the interplay of ionospheric dynamics and electrodynamics. Nevertheless, the root causes for the observed TEC enhancements seen in the storm recovery phase are unknown and require further observations and model studies.

Lei, Jiuhou; Huang, Fuqing; Chen, Xuetao; Zhong, Jiahao; Ren, Dexin; Wang, Wenbin; Yue, Xinan; Luan, Xiaoli; Jia, Mingjiao; Dou, Xiankang; Hu, Lianhuan; Ning, Baiqi; Owolabi, Charles; Chen, Jinsong; Li, Guozhu; Xue, Xianghui;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 04/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2017JA025166

Initial Observations with the Ionospheric Photometer on the Chinese Feng Yun 3D Satellite

Mao, Tian; Fu, Liping; Wang, Yungang; Jiang, Fang; Hu, Xiuqing; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Sun, Lingfeng;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Seasonal Variation Analysis of Thermospheric Composition in TIMED/GUVI Limb Measurements

Knowledge of thermospheric variability is essential to the understanding and forecasting of ionospheric behavior and space weather. As well, thermospheric density variability is a vital ingredient for prediction of space objects orbital changes and the lifetime of spacecraft. The Global UltraViolet Imager (GUVI) onboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite provides the first global dataset of thermosphere composition (O, N2 and O2 densities) and temperature vertical profiles from 2002-2007.

Yue, Jia; Meier, Robert; Jian, Yongxiao; Yee, Jeng-Hwa; Wu, Dong; Russell, James; Wang, Wenbin; Burns, Alan;

Published by: 2018 Triennial Earth-Sun Summit (TESS      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

QUASI-BIENNIAL VARIATIONS IN IONOSPHERIC TIDAL/SPW AMPLITUDES: OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING

Loren, Cheewei; Yan-Yi, Sun; Jack, Chieh; Shih-Han, Chien; Rung, Tsai-Lin; Jia, Yue;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2017     DOI:

Ionospheric responses to geomagnetic storms during 2015-2016 at longitude 120° E in China

Chen, Yanhong; Tianjiao, Yuan; Hua, Shen; Liu, Siqing; Wengeng, Huang; Gong, Jiancun;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2016     DOI:

Characteristics and mechanisms of the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density

In this paper, globally-averaged, thermospheric total mass density, derived from the orbits of \~5000 objects at 250, 400, and 550 km that were tracked from 1967 to 2006, has been used to quantitatively study the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density and its mechanism(s). The results show that thermospheric mass density had a significant annual asymmetry, which changed from year to year. The annual asymmetry at the three altitudes varied synchronously and its absolute value increased with altitudes. The results suggest that there is an annual asymmetry in solar EUV radiation that is caused by the difference in the Sun-Earth distance between the two solstices and the random variation of solar activity within a year. This change in radiation results in an annual change in the thermospheric temperature and thus the scale height of the neutral gas, and is the main cause of the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density. The annual asymmetry of mass density increases with altitude because of the accumulating effect of the changes in neutral temperature and scale height in the vertical direction.

Ma, RuiPing; Xu, JiYao; Wang, Wenbin; Chen, GuangMing; Yuan, Wei; Lei, Jiuhou; Burns, Alan; Jiang, Guoying;

Published by: Science China Earth Sciences      Published on: 04/2015

YEAR: 2015     DOI: 10.1007/s11430-014-5020-3

annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density; solar EUV radiation; Sun-Earth distance

Ionospheric response to CIR-induced recurrent geomagnetic activity during the declining phase of solar cycle 23

This paper presents an epoch analysis of global ionosphere responses to recurrent geomagnetic activity during 79 corotating interaction region (CIR) events from 2004 to 2009. The data used were GPS total electron content (TEC) data from the Madrigal Database at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory and the electron density (Ne) data obtained from CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) observations. The results show that global ionosphere responses to CIR events have some common features. In high and middle latitudes, the total electron content (TEC) showed a significant positive response (increased electron densities) in the first epoch day. A negative TEC response occurred at high latitudes of the American sector following the positive response. The CHAMP Ne showed a daytime positive response in all latitudes and a nighttime negative response in the subauroral region. These negative TEC and Ne responses were found to be related to thermospheric composition (O/N₂) changes during the storms. At all latitudes, the maximum of the TEC positive effect always occurred at 2\textendash6 h after the CIR starting during local daytime and 10\textendash18 h later for the CIR onset during local nighttime. Case studies indicate that the TEC and Ne positive response had a strong dependence on the southward component (Bz) of the interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind speed. This suggests that penetration electric fields that were associated with changes in solar winds might play a significant role in the positive ionospheric response to storms. During the recovery time of the CIR-produced geomagnetic activity, the TEC positive disturbance at low latitudes sometimes could last for 2\textendash4 days, whereas at middle to high latitudes the disturbance lasted only for 1 day in most cases. A comparison of the ionospheric responses between the American, European and Asian sectors shows that the ionosphere response in the North American sector was stronger than that in the other two regions. The response of f_oF₂ to the CIR events in middle to high latitudes showed a negative response for 2\textendash3 days after the first epoch day. This is different from the response of TEC, which was mostly positive during the same period of time.

Chen, Yanhong; Wang, Wenbin; Burns, Alan; Liu, Siqing; Gong, Jiancun; Yue, Xinan; Jiang, Guoying; Coster, Anthea;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 02/2015

YEAR: 2015     DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020657

CIR events; epoch study; Ionospheric response; recurrent geomagnetic activity

Far ultraviolet nighttime ionospheric photometer

Far Ultraviolet Nighttime Ionopsheric Photometer (FNIP) is a newly-designed instrument for low earth orbit missions, observing the earth night airglow nadir at OI 135.6\ nm emission produced by ionospheric O++e recombination and receiving the horizontal information on nighttime ionosphere with a spatial resolution of about 1.6o\texttimes3.8o. This simple, highly robust instrument excludes OI 130.4 nm emission and Herzberg oxygen bands with lower power and approximately achieves a sensitivity of about 400\ counts/s/Rayleigh at 135.6\ nm with stray light less than\ 2\ \%. Some tests of the instrument have been conducted and the results will be discussed in the end.

Fu, Liping; Peng, Ruyi; Shi, Entao; Peng, Jilong; Wang, Tianfang; Jiang, Fang; Jia, Nan; Li, Xiaoyin; Wang, YongMei;

Published by: Astrophysics and Space Science      Published on: 01/2015

YEAR: 2015     DOI: 10.1007/s10509-014-2139-9

F2 electron density distribution; FUV optical sensing remote; High sensitivity; Ionosphere; Payload

Far ultraviolet nighttime ionospheric photometer

Far Ultraviolet Nighttime Ionopsheric Photometer (FNIP) is a newly-designed instrument for low earth orbit missions, observing the earth night airglow nadir at OI 135.6\ nm emission produced by ionospheric O++e recombination and receiving the horizontal information on nighttime ionosphere with a spatial resolution of about 1.6o\texttimes3.8o. This simple, highly robust instrument excludes OI 130.4 nm emission and Herzberg oxygen bands with lower power and approximately achieves a sensitivity of about 400\ counts/s/Rayleigh at 135.6\ nm with stray light less than\ 2\ \%. Some tests of the instrument have been conducted and the results will be discussed in the end.

Fu, Liping; Peng, Ruyi; Shi, Entao; Peng, Jilong; Wang, Tianfang; Jiang, Fang; Jia, Nan; Li, Xiaoyin; Wang, YongMei;

Published by: Astrophysics and Space Science      Published on: 01/2015

YEAR: 2015     DOI: 10.1007/s10509-014-2139-9

F2 electron density distribution; FUV optical sensing remote; High sensitivity; Ionosphere; Payload

A study of GPS ionospheric scintillations observed at Shenzhen

Ionospheric scintillation variations are studied using GPS measurements at the low latitude station of Shenzhen (22.59\textdegreeN,\ 113.97\textdegreeE), situated under the northern crest of the equatorial anomaly region, from the Chinese Meridian Project. The results are presented for data collected during the current phase of rising solar activity (low to high solar activity) from December 2010 to April 2014. The results show that GPS scintillation events were largely a nighttime phenomenon during the whole observation period. Scintillation events mainly occurred along the inner edge of the northern crest of the equatorial anomaly in China. The occurrence of scintillations in different sectors of the sky was also investigated, and the results revealed that it is more likely for the scintillations to be observed in the west sector of the sky above Shenzhen. During the present period of study, a total number of 512 total electron content (TEC) depletions and 460 lock loss events were observed. In addition, both of these events are likely to increase during periods of high solar activity, especially because the strong scintillations are often simultaneously accompanied by TEC depletions and lock losses by GPS receivers.

Huang, Linfeng; Wang, Jinsong; Jiang, Yong; Chen, Zhou; Zhao, Kai;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on: 12/2014

YEAR: 2014     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.08.023

GPS; Ionospheric scintillation; Scintillation event

Responses of the lower thermospheric temperature to the 9 day and 13.5 day oscillations of recurrent geomagnetic activity

Responses of the lower thermospheric temperature to the 9 day and 13.5 day oscillations of recurrent geomagnetic activity and solar EUV radiation have been investigated using neutral temperature data observed by the TIMED/SABER (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) instrument and numerical experiments by the NCAR-TIME-GCM (National Center for Atmospheric Research\textendashthermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere electrodynamics\textendashgeneral circulation model). The TIMED/SABER data analyzed were for the period from 2002 to 2007 during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. The observations show that the zonal mean temperature in the lower thermosphere oscillated with periods of near 9 and 13.5 days in the height range of 100\textendash120 km. These oscillations were more strongly correlated with the recurrent geomagnetic activity than with the solar EUV variability of the same periods. The 9 day and 13.5 day oscillations of lower thermospheric temperature had greater amplitudes at high latitudes than at low latitudes; they also had larger amplitudes at higher altitudes, and the oscillations could penetrate down to ~105 km, depending on the strength of the recurrent geomagnetic activity for a particular time period. The data further show that the periodic responses of the lower thermospheric temperature to recurrent geomagnetic activity were different in the two hemispheres. In addition, numerical experiments have been carried out using the NCAR-TIME-GCM to investigate the causal relationship between the temperature oscillations and the geomagnetic activity and solar EUV variations of the same periods. Model simulations showed the same periodic oscillations as those seen in the observations when the real geomagnetic activity index, Kp, was used to drive the model. These numerical results show that recurrent geomagnetic activity is the main cause of the 9 day and 13.5 day variations in the lower thermosphere temperature, and the contribution from solar EUV variations is minor. Furthermore, we also found that consecutive coronal mass ejection events could cause long-duration enhancements in the lower thermospheric temperature that strengthen the 9 day and 13.5 day signals, and this kind of phenomenon mostly occurred between 2002 and 2005 during the declining phase of solar cycle 23.

Jiang, Guoying; Wang, Wenbin; Xu, JiYao; Yue, Jia; Burns, Alan; Lei, Jiuhou; Mlynczak, Martin; Rusell, James;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 06/2014

YEAR: 2014     DOI: 10.1002/jgra.v119.610.1002/2013JA019406

13.5 day variation; 9 day variation; Joule heating; lower thermospheric temperature; recurrent geomagnetic activity; solar EUV radiation