Bibliography

Far-ultraviolet airglow remote sensing measurements on Feng Yun 3-D meteorological satellite

\textlessp\textgreater\textlessstrong class="journal-contentHeaderColor"\textgreaterAbstract.\textless/strong\textgreater The Ionospheric Photometer (IPM) is carried on the Feng Yun 3-D (FY3D) meteorological satellite, which allows for the measurement of far-ultraviolet (FUV) airglow radiation in the thermosphere. IPM is a compact and high-sensitivity nadir-viewing FUV remote sensing instrument. It monitors 135.6 nm emission in the nightside thermosphere and 135.6 nm and N\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater Lyman–Birge–Hopfield (LBH) emissions in the dayside thermosphere that can be used to invert the peak electron density of the F\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater layer (NmF\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$)\textless/span\textgreater at night and the \textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater\textlessmath xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"\textgreater\textlessmrow class="chem"\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterO\textless/mi\textgreater\textlessmo\textgreater/\textless/mo\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterN\textless/mi\textgreater\textless/mrow\textgreater\textless/math\textgreater\textlessspan\textgreater\textlesssvg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="73a3f14187048fa14eee70dd1027ad23"\textgreater\textlesssvg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00001.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00001.png"/\textgreater\textless/svg:svg\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater ratio in the daytime, respectively. Preliminary observations show that the IPM could monitor the global structure of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) structure around 02:00 LT using atomic oxygen (OI) 135.6 nm nightglow. It could also identify the reduction of \textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater\textlessmath xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"\textgreater\textlessmrow class="chem"\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterO\textless/mi\textgreater\textlessmo\textgreater/\textless/mo\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterN\textless/mi\textgreater\textless/mrow\textgreater\textless/math\textgreater\textlessspan\textgreater\textlesssvg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="7662cd64e23809d534f2b5721e55261b"\textgreater\textlesssvg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00002.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00002.png"/\textgreater\textless/svg:svg\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater in the high-latitude region during the geomagnetic storm of 26 August 2018. The IPM-derived NmF\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater agrees well with that observed by four ionosonde stations along 120\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$^\textrm∘$\textless/span\textgreater E with a standard deviation of 26.67 \%. Initial results demonstrate that the performance of IPM meets the design requirements and therefore can be used to study the thermosphere and ionosphere in the future.\textless/p\textgreater

Wang, Yungang; Fu, Liping; Jiang, Fang; Hu, Xiuqing; Liu, Chengbao; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Li, JiaWei; Ren, Zhipeng; He, Fei; Sun, Lingfeng; Sun, Ling; Yang, Zhongdong; Zhang, Peng; Wang, Jingsong; Mao, Tian;

Published by: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques      Published on: mar

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.5194/amt-15-1577-2022

A long-range forecasting model for the thermosphere based on the intelligent optimized particle filtering

The uncertainties associated with the variations in the thermosphere are responsible for the inaccurate prediction of the orbit decay of low Earth orbiting space objects due to the drag force. Accurate forecasting of the thermosphere is urgently required to avoid satellite collisions, which is a potential threat to the rapid growth of spacecraft applications. However, owing to the imperfections in the physics-based forecast model, the long-range forecast of the thermosphere is still primitive even if the accurate prediction of the external forcing is achieved. In this study, we constructed a novel methodology to forecast the thermosphere for tens of days by specifying the uncertain parameters in a physics-based model using an intelligent optimized particle filtering algorithm. A comparison of the results suggested that this method has the capability of providing a more reliable forecast with more than 30-days leading time for the thermospheric mass density than the existing ones under both weak and severe disturbed conditions, if solar and geomagnetic forcing is known. Moreover, the accurate estimation of the state of thermosphere based on this technique would further contribute to the understanding of the temporal and spatial evolution of the upper atmosphere.

Ren, Dexin; Lei, Jiuhou;

Published by: Science China Earth Sciences      Published on: jan

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1007/s11430-021-9847-9

Forecast; Intelligent optimized particle filter; thermosphere; Uncertain parameters

A Simulation Study on the Variation of Thermospheric O/N2 With Solar Activity

The ratio of number density of atomic oxygen (O) to that of molecular nitrogen (N2) in the thermosphere (O/N2) on the constant pressure surface, which has complex temporal and spatial characteristics, is widely regarded as an important parameter connecting the terrestrial thermosphere and daytime ionosphere. Previous studies demonstrated that the thermospheric O/N2 increases with increasing solar activity, and the changes in O/N2 with solar activity show significant difference between winter and summer hemispheres. However, the root causes, which are responsible for the solar activity variation of O/N2, are not fully understood. In this study, the contributions of various physical and chemical processes on the response of O/N2 to the solar radiation change were quantitatively investigated through a series of controlled simulations from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. The simulation results suggested that the chemical processes lead to the increase of thermospheric O/N2 over the globe with increasing solar activity. The increase of O/N2 with solar activity is dominated by the enrichment of O abundance and the loss of N2 abundance in the lower and upper thermosphere, respectively. Moreover, the simulation results suggested that the stronger hemispheric asymmetry is attributed to the stronger thermospheric circulation, which changes the vertical advection of O/N2 through both direct and indirect effects.

Li, Zhongli; Luan, Xiaoli; Lei, Jiuhou; Ren, Dexin;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2022JA030305

circulation; O/N2; photochemistry; solar cycle; thermosphere

AMICal Sat: A sparse RGB imager on board a 2U cubesat to study the aurora

AMICal sat, a dedicated 2U cubesat, has been developed, in order to monitor the auroral emissions, with a dedicated imager. It aims to help to reconstruct the low energy electrons fluxes up to 30 keV in Earth auroral regions. It includes an imager entirely designed in Grenoble University Space Center. The imager uses a 1.3 Mpixels sparse RGB CMOS detector and a wide field objective (f=22.5 mm). The satellite platform has been built by the polish company Satrevolution. Launched September, 3rd, 2020 from Kuru (French Guyana) on board the Vega flight 16, it produces its first images in October 2020. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of the payload especially the optics and the proximity electronics, to describe the use of the payload for space weather purpose. A preliminary analysis of a first image showing the relevance of such an instrument for auroral monitoring is performed. This analysis allowed to reconstruct from one of the first images the local electron input flux at the top of the atmosphere during the exposure time.

Barthelemy, Mathieu; Robert, Elisa; Kalegaev, Vladimir; Grennerat, Vincent; Sequies, Thierry; Bourdarot, Guillaume; Le Coarer, Etienne; Correia, Jean-Jacques; Rabou, Patrick;

Published by: IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems      Published on:

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2022.3187147

Aerospace electronics; AURORA; cubesat; Detectors; imager; Instruments; Ion radiation effects; magnetosphere; Monitoring; Satellites

Pronounced Suppression and X-Pattern Merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomalies After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption

Following the 2022 Tonga Volcano eruption, dramatic suppression and deformation of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests occurred in the American sector ∼14,000 km away from the epicenter. The EIA crests variations and associated ionosphere-thermosphere disturbances were investigated using Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content data, Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk ultraviolet images, Ionospheric Connection Explorer wind data, and ionosonde observations. The main results are as follows: (a) Following the eastward passage of expected eruption-induced atmospheric disturbances, daytime EIA crests, especially the southern one, showed severe suppression of more than 10 TEC Unit and collapsed equatorward over 10° latitudes, forming a single band of enhanced density near the geomagnetic equator around 14–17 UT, (b) Evening EIA crests experienced a drastic deformation around 22 UT, forming a unique X-pattern in a limited longitudinal area between 20 and 40°W. (c) Thermospheric horizontal winds, especially the zonal winds, showed long-lasting quasi-periodic fluctuations between ±200 m/s for 7–8 hr after the passage of volcano-induced Lamb waves. The EIA suppression and X-pattern merging was consistent with a westward equatorial zonal dynamo electric field induced by the strong zonal wind oscillation with a westward reversal.

Aa, Ercha; Zhang, Shun-Rong; Wang, Wenbin; Erickson, Philip; Qian, Liying; Eastes, Richard; Harding, Brian; Immel, Thomas; Karan, Deepak; Daniell, Robert; Coster, Anthea; Goncharenko, Larisa; Vierinen, Juha; Cai, Xuguang; Spicher, Andres;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2022JA030527

EIA suppression and X-pattern; Equatorial ionization anomaly; GNSS TEC; GOLD UV images; ICON MIGHTI neutral wind; Tonga volcano eruption

Large-Scale Traveling Atmospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances Observed in GUVI With Multi-Instrument Validations

This study presents multi-instrument observations of persistent large-scale traveling ionosphere/atmospheric disturbances (LSTIDs/LSTADs) observed during moderately increased auroral electrojet activity and a sudden stratospheric warming in the polar winter hemisphere. The Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI), Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer, Scanning Doppler Imaging Fabry–Perot Interferometers, and the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar are used to demonstrate the presence of LSTIDs/LSTADs between 19 UT and 5 UT on 18–19 January 2013 over the Alaska region down to lower midlatitudes. This study showcases the first use of GUVI for the study of LSTADs. These novel GUVI observations demonstrate the potential for the GUVI far ultraviolet emissions to be used for global-scale studies of waves and atmospheric disturbances in the thermosphere, a region lacking in long-term global measurements. These observations typify changes in the radiance from around 140 to 180 km, opening a new window into the behavior of the thermosphere.

Bossert, Katrina; Paxton, Larry; Matsuo, Tomoko; Goncharenko, Larisa; Kumari, Komal; Conde, Mark;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1029/2022GL099901

Echo occurrence in the southern polar ionosphere for the SuperDARN Dome C East and Dome C North radars

In this paper, echo occurrence rates for the Dome C East (DCE) and the new Dome C North (DCN) radars are studied. We report the ionospheric and ground scatter echo occurrence rates for selected periods around equinoxes and solstices in the final part of the solar cycle XXIV. The occurrence maps built in Altitude Adjusted Corrected Geomagnetic latitude and Magnetic Local Time coordinates show peculiar patterns highly variable with season. The comparisons of the radar observations with the International Reference Ionosphere model electron density and with ray tracing simulations allow us to explain the major features of observed patterns in terms of electron density variations. The study shows the great potential of the DCE and DCN radar combination to the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) convection mapping in terms of monitoring key regions of the high-latitude ionosphere critical for understanding of the magnetospheric dynamics.

Marcucci, Maria; Coco, Igino; Massetti, Stefano; Pignalberi, Alessio; Forsythe, Victoriya; Pezzopane, Michael; Koustov, Alexander; Longo, Simona; Biondi, David; Simeoli, Enrico; Consolini, Giuseppe; Laurenza, Monica; Marchaudon, Aurélie; Satta, Andrea; Cirioni, Alessandro; De Simone, Angelo; Olivieri, Angelo; Baù, Alessandro; Salvati, Alberto;

Published by: Polar Science      Published on: jun

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2021.100684

Echo occurrence; IRI model; Polar cap radars; Ray-tracing

Ionospheric response to solar and magnetospheric protons during January 15–22, 2005: EAGLE whole atmosphere model results

We present an analysis of the ionosphere and thermosphere response to Solar Proton Events (SPE) and magnetospheric proton precipitation in January 2005, which was carried out using the model of the entire atmosphere EAGLE. The ionization rates for the considered period were acquired from the AIMOS (Atmospheric Ionization Module Osnabrück) dataset. For numerical experiments, we applied only the proton-induced ionization rates of that period, while all the other model input parameters, including the electron precipitations, corresponded to the quiet conditions. In January 2005, two major solar proton events with different energy spectra and proton fluxes occurred on January 17 and January 20. Since two geomagnetic storms and several sub-storms took place during the considered period, not only solar protons but also less energetic magnetospheric protons contributed to the calculated ionization rates. Despite the relative transparency of the thermosphere for high-energy protons, an ionospheric response to the SPE and proton precipitation from the magnetotail was obtained in numerical experiments. In the ionospheric E layer, the maximum increase in the electron concentration is localized at high latitudes, and at heights of the ionospheric F2 layer, the positive perturbations were formed in the near-equatorial region. An analysis of the model-derived results showed that changes in the ionospheric F2 layer were caused by a change in the neutral composition of the thermosphere. We found that in the recovery phase after both solar proton events and the enhancement of magnetospheric proton precipitations associated with geomagnetic disturbances, the TEC and electron density in the F region and in topside ionosphere/plasmasphere increase at low- and mid-latitudes due to an enhancement of atomic oxygen concentration. Our results demonstrate an important role of magnetospheric protons in the formation of negative F-region ionospheric storms. According to our results, the topside ionosphere/plasmasphere and bottom-side ionosphere can react to solar and magnetospheric protons both with the same sign of disturbances or in different way. The same statement is true for TEC and foF2 disturbances. Different disturbances of foF2 and TEC at high and low latitudes can be explained by topside electron temperature disturbances.

Bessarab, F.; Sukhodolov, T.; Klimenko, M.; Klimenko, V.; Korenkov, Yu.; Funke, B.; Zakharenkova, I.; Wissing, J.; Rozanov, E.;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on: jan

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2020.10.026

Ionosphere; Proton precipitations; Solar proton events; thermosphere; Whole atmosphere model

Ionospheric response to solar and magnetospheric protons during January 15–22, 2005: EAGLE whole atmosphere model results

We present an analysis of the ionosphere and thermosphere response to Solar Proton Events (SPE) and magnetospheric proton precipitation in January 2005, which was carried out using the model of the entire atmosphere EAGLE. The ionization rates for the considered period were acquired from the AIMOS (Atmospheric Ionization Module Osnabrück) dataset. For numerical experiments, we applied only the proton-induced ionization rates of that period, while all the other model input parameters, including the electron precipitations, corresponded to the quiet conditions. In January 2005, two major solar proton events with different energy spectra and proton fluxes occurred on January 17 and January 20. Since two geomagnetic storms and several sub-storms took place during the considered period, not only solar protons but also less energetic magnetospheric protons contributed to the calculated ionization rates. Despite the relative transparency of the thermosphere for high-energy protons, an ionospheric response to the SPE and proton precipitation from the magnetotail was obtained in numerical experiments. In the ionospheric E layer, the maximum increase in the electron concentration is localized at high latitudes, and at heights of the ionospheric F2 layer, the positive perturbations were formed in the near-equatorial region. An analysis of the model-derived results showed that changes in the ionospheric F2 layer were caused by a change in the neutral composition of the thermosphere. We found that in the recovery phase after both solar proton events and the enhancement of magnetospheric proton precipitations associated with geomagnetic disturbances, the TEC and electron density in the F region and in topside ionosphere/plasmasphere increase at low- and mid-latitudes due to an enhancement of atomic oxygen concentration. Our results demonstrate an important role of magnetospheric protons in the formation of negative F-region ionospheric storms. According to our results, the topside ionosphere/plasmasphere and bottom-side ionosphere can react to solar and magnetospheric protons both with the same sign of disturbances or in different way. The same statement is true for TEC and foF2 disturbances. Different disturbances of foF2 and TEC at high and low latitudes can be explained by topside electron temperature disturbances.

Bessarab, F.; Sukhodolov, T.; Klimenko, M.; Klimenko, V.; Korenkov, Yu.; Funke, B.; Zakharenkova, I.; Wissing, J.; Rozanov, E.;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on: jan

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2020.10.026

Ionosphere; Proton precipitations; Solar proton events; thermosphere; Whole atmosphere model

Hemispheric Asymmetries in the Mid-latitude Ionosphere During the September 7--8, 2017 Storm: Multi-instrument Observations

Hemispheric asymmetries of the Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) were observed during the first recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm on September 7–8, 2017. These asymmetries occurred at the mid latitudes at two different local times simultaneously: In the European-African sector (early morning), the storm time VTEC in the southern/northern hemisphere was higher/lower than the quiet time value, suggesting the southern/northern hemisphere entered the positive/negative phase (N−S+). In the East Asian-Australian sector (afternoon), the storm time VTEC change was positive in the northern hemisphere, but negative in the southern hemisphere (N+S−). The electron density profiles from digisondes demonstrated that the asymmetries appeared in the F region density as well. The plasma drifts data from digisondes, the column-integrated [O]/[N2] ratio from GUVI onboard the TIMED satellite, and the detrended VTEC were utilized to study the drivers of the asymmetries. Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID) signatures were identified in the digisonde drift and detrended VTEC data before the appearance of the asymmetry. The magnitude of TIDs was larger in the hemisphere where the negative phase occurred later. The storm time [O]/[N2] ratio change was positive in Africa (S+) and negative in Europe (N−). However, the [O]/[N2] measurements were not available in the East Asian-Australian sector during the focused period. The hemispheric differences in the vertical drifts were also observed in both sectors. Therefore, the observed hemispheric asymmetries in both sectors are suggested to be due to the hemispheric asymmetries in the thermospheric composition change, vertical drift, and TID activity.

Wang, Zihan; Zou, Shasha; Liu, Lei; Ren, Jiaen; Aa, Ercha;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028829

The Impact of Assimilating Ionosphere and Thermosphere Observations on Neutral Temperature Improvement: Observing System Simulation Experiments Using EnKF

Accurate specification of the thermosphere states is crucial to the low Earth orbit satellite operation. In this work, the impact of different ionosphere and thermosphere observing systems on the improvement of neutral temperature of the data assimilation model has been investigated by a series of observing system simulation experiments. The selected observations include the Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content (e.g., MIT vertical total electron content [VTEC]) and the daytime Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) level-2 disk temperature (Tdisk). Such observations are ingested into the coupled ionosphere and thermosphere model based on our developed ensemble Kalman Filter data assimilation systems on the basis of the ensemble Kalman filter algorithm and the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. The main findings are as follows: (a) A considerable improvement of the neutral temperature estimation of the physical-based model can be obtained in the global region by assimilating either the MIT VTEC or the GOLD Tdisk observations; (b) the assimilation of the GOLD can further contribute to temperature improvement in the lower thermosphere (\textless200 km), relative to the MIT VTEC assimilation; and (c) simultaneously assimilating both observation types can better improve the quality of neutral temperature estimation over the global area during the whole data assimilation process. The current results demonstrate that assimilating GOLD observations is important to improve the forecast capability of the physical-based model for the lower thermosphere states and can provide a possible reference for the joint assimilation of the ionosphere and thermosphere observations to better thermosphere specification.

He, Jianhui; Yue, Xinan; Ren, Zhipeng;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1029/2021SW002844

The response of middle thermosphere (~ 160 km) composition to the November 20 and 21, 2003 superstorm

Yu, Tingting; Wang, Wenbin; Ren, Zhipeng; Cai, Xuguang; Yue, Xinan; He, Maosheng;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI:

Photoelectron transport and associated Far Ultraviolet emissions: Model simulation and comparison with observations

Liang, Jun; Sydorenko, Dmytro; Donovan, Eric; Rankin, Robert;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI:

Impact of September 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming on Mid-Latitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere Over North America and Europe

Goncharenko, Larisa; Harvey, Lynn; Greer, Katelynn; Zhang, Shun-Rong; Coster, Anthea; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI:

Impact of Storm-Enhanced Density (SED) on Ion Upflow Fluxes During Geomagnetic Storm

The impact of the dynamic evolution of the Storm-Enhanced Density (SED) on the upward ion fluxes during the March 06, 2016 geomagnetic storm is studied using comprehensive multi-scale datasets. This storm was powered by a Corotating Interaction Region (CIR), and the minimum Sym-H reached ∼−110 nT. During the ionospheric positive storm phase, the SED formed and the associated plume and polar cap patches occasionally drifted anti-sunward across the polar cap. When these high-density structures encountered positive vertical flows, large ion upward fluxes were produced, with the largest upward flux reaching 3 × 1014 m−2s−1. These upflows were either the type-1 ion upflow associated with fast flow channels, such as the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) channel, or the type-2 ion upflow due to soft particle precipitations in the cusp region. The total SED-associated upflow flux in the dayside cusp can be comparable to the total upflow flux in the nightside auroral zone despite the much smaller cusp area compared with the auroral zone. During the ionospheric negative storm phase, the ionospheric densities within the SED and plume decreased significantly and thus led to largely reduced upward fluxes. This event analysis demonstrates the critical role of the ionospheric high-density structures in creating large ion upward fluxes. It also suggests that the dynamic processes in the coupled ionosphere-thermosphere system and the resulting state of the ionospheric storm are crucial for understanding the temporal and spatial variations of ion upflow fluxes and thus should be incorporated into coupled geospace models for improving our holistic understanding of the role of ionospheric plasma in the geospace system.

Zou, Shasha; Ren, Jiaen; Wang, Zihan; Sun, Hu; Chen, Yang;

Published by: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI:

The dominant composition on the O/N2 responses during a geomagnetic storm

Here, TIMED/GUVI limb measurements and TIEGCM simulations were used to investigate The consistency of O/N2 variations between GUVI observations and TIEGCM predictions

Yu, Tingting; Wang, Wenbin; Ren, Zhipeng; Cai, Xuguang;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI:

Ionospheric response to solar and magnetospheric protons during January 15—22, 2005: EAGLE whole atmosphere model results

We present an analysis of the ionosphere and thermosphere response to Solar Proton Events (SPE) and magnetospheric proton precipitation in January 2005, which was carried out

Bessarab, Fedor; Sukhodolov, Timofei; Klimenko, Maxim; Klimenko, Vladimir; Korenkov, Yu; Funke, Bernd; Zakharenkova, Irina; Wissing, Jan; Rozanov, EV;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2020.10.026

Ionospheric response to solar and magnetospheric protons during January 15—22, 2005: EAGLE whole atmosphere model results

We present an analysis of the ionosphere and thermosphere response to Solar Proton Events (SPE) and magnetospheric proton precipitation in January 2005, which was carried out

Bessarab, Fedor; Sukhodolov, Timofei; Klimenko, Maxim; Klimenko, Vladimir; Korenkov, Yu; Funke, Bernd; Zakharenkova, Irina; Wissing, Jan; Rozanov, EV;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2020.10.026

Middle-Low Latitude Neutral Composition and Temperature Responses to the 20 and 21 November 2003 Superstorm From GUVI Dayside Limb Measurements

TIMED/Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) limb measurements of far-ultraviolet airglow emission have been used to investigate middle-low latitude thermospheric composition and neutral temperature responses to the 20 and 21 November 2003 (day of year [DOY] 324 and 325) superstorm. Altitude profiles of O, N2 number densities and temperature, as well as O/N2 column density ratio (∑O/N2), on the storm days along the GUVI limb tracks are compared with those on DOY 323 (quiet time). The storm-time composition and temperature responses were global and evolved continuously as the storm progressed. Specially, N2 and temperature increased almost globally at all altitudes during the storm and their perturbation structures were similar. The magnitudes of their enhancements both increased with altitude and latitude. The storm-induced O perturbations decreased in the lower thermosphere but increased in the upper thermosphere. Transition heights of O perturbations from decrease to increase changed with latitude and time. During the storm main and recovery phases, the storm-induced ∑O/N2 decreases were mostly related to the O depletion in the low-middle thermosphere, whereas ∑O/N2 increases during the storm were primarily caused by N2 depletion. There was a remarkable hemispheric asymmetry in composition responses as they have different morphologies and lifetime, especially during the storm recovery phase.

Yu, Tingting; Wang, Wenbin; Ren, Zhipeng; Yue, Jia; Yue, Xinan; He, Maosheng;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028427

neutral composition; altitude profile; hemispheric asymmetry in composition responses; neutral temperature; superstorm; transition heights of O responses

The Response of Middle Thermosphere (∼160 km) Composition to the November 20 and 21, 2003 Superstorm

TIMED/GUVI limb measurements and first-principles simulations from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model (TIEGCM) are used to investigate thermospheric atomic oxygen (O) and molecular nitrogen (N2) responses in the middle thermosphere on a constant pressure surface (∼160 km) to the November 20 and 21, 2003 superstorm. The consistency between GUVI observations and TIEGCM simulated composition changes allows us to utilize TIEGCM outputs to investigate the storm-time behaviors of O and N2 systematically. Diagnostic analysis shows that horizontal and vertical advection are the two main processes that determine the storm-induced perturbations in the middle thermosphere. Molecular diffusion has a relatively smaller magnitude than the two advection processes, acting to compensate for the changes caused by the transport partly. Contributions from chemistry and eddy diffusion are negligible. During the storm initial and main phases, composition variations at high latitudes are determined by both horizontal and vertical advection. At middle-low latitudes, horizontal advection is the main driver for the composition changes where O mass mixing ratio decreases (N2 mass mixing ratio increases); whereas horizontal and vertical advection combined to dominate the changes in the regions where increases ( decreases). Over the entire storm period, horizontal advection plays a significant role in transporting high-latitude composition perturbations globally. Our results also demonstrate that storm-time temperature changes are not the direct cause of the composition perturbations on constant pressure surfaces.

Yu, Tingting; Wang, Wenbin; Ren, Zhipeng; Cai, Xuguang; Yue, Xinan; He, Maosheng;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029449

atomic oxygen; GUVI limb observations; middle thermosphere; molecular nitrogen; storm-time perturbations; TIEGCM

Dynamical Properties of Peak and Time-Integrated Geomagnetic Events Inferred From Sample Entropy

We provide a comprehensive statistical analysis of the sample entropy of peak and time-integrated geomagnetic events in 2001\textendash2017, considering different measures of event strength, different geomagnetic indices, and a simplified solar wind-magnetosphere coupling function . Our investigations reveal the existence of significant correlations between the entropies of , , and , and between such entropies and event strengths, as well as good correlations between peak levels of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling and ring current ( ) and entropies, suggesting a potential predictability of significant and events on the basis of appropriate functions of . Sensibly weaker correlations are found with entropy. We further show the presence of several significant entropy correlations between geomagnetic indices, solar wind-magnetosphere coupling, and trapped or precipitated energetic electron and ion fluxes measured by geostationary and low Earth orbit satellites in the outer radiation belt during the same periods. Entropy correlations between and trapped or precipitated 30- to 80-keV ion fluxes at low and between and trapped 40-keV electron fluxes at geostationary orbit correspond well with ring current properties and substorm-induced injections, respectively. Entropy correlations between and precipitation rates of energetic ion and electron fluxes demonstrate the sensibility of index entropy to both low-energy (5\textendash30 keV) electron injections and ring current. The stronger entropy correlation between solar wind-magnetosphere coupling and than likely stems from the more stochastic behavior of electron injections and fast losses near geostationary orbit.

Mourenas, D.; Artemyev, A.; Zhang, X.-J.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 02/2020

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027599

Dynamical complexity; Entropy; geomagnetic indices; Geomagnetic storms; Solar wind magnetosphere coupling

Evaluation on the Quasi-Realistic Ionospheric Prediction Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter Data Assimilation Algorithm

In this work, we evaluated the quasi-realistic ionosphere forecasting capability by an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) ionosphere and thermosphere data assimilation algorithm. The National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model is used as the background model in the system. The slant total electron contents (TECs) from global International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service ground-based receivers and from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate are assimilated into the system, and the ionosphere is then predicted in advance during the quiet interval of 23 to 27 March 2010. The predicted ionosphere vertical TEC (VTEC) and the critical frequency foF₂ are validated by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology VTEC and global ionosondes network, respectively. We found that the ionosphere forecast quality could be enhanced by optimizing the thermospheric neutral components via the EnKF method. The ionosphere electron density forecast accuracy can be improved by at least 10\% for 24 hr. Furthermore, the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Global Ultraviolet Imager (TIMED/GUVI) [O/N₂] observations are used to validate the predicted thermosphere [O/N₂]. The validation shows that the [O/N₂] optimized by EnKF has better agreement with the TIMED/GUVI observation. This study further demonstrates the validity of EnKF in enhancing the ionospheric forecast capability in addition to our previous observing system simulation experiments by He et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026554).

He, Jianhui; Yue, Xinan; Le, Huijun; Ren, Zhipeng; Wan, Weixing;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on: 02/2020

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1029/2019SW002410

Comparison of Reference Heights of O/N ₂ and ∑O/N ₂ Based on GUVI Dayside Limb Measurement

We define a new thermospheric concept, the reference heights of O/N₂, referring to a series of thermospheric heights corresponding to the fixed ratios of O to N₂ number density. Here, based on Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) limb measurement, we compare O/N₂ column density ratio (∑O/N₂) and the reference heights of O/N₂. We choose the transition height of O and N₂ (transition height hereafter), a special reference height at which O number density is equal to N₂ number density, to verify the connection with ∑O/N₂ during geomagnetically quiet periods. It is found that transition height and ∑O/N₂ have noticeable negative correlation with correlation coefficient of -0.887. An empirical model of transition height (O/N₂ model hereafter) is established based on nonlinear least-squares-fitting method. The considerable correlation (greater than 0.96), insignificant errors (less than 4\%) and the great influencing weight of ∑O/N₂ to reference heights indicate the validity of O/N₂ model and the existence of quantitative relation between ∑O/N₂ and transition height. Besides, it is verified that the similar quantitative relation also exists between ∑O/N₂ and reference heights of other O/N₂ values. Namely, using the O/N₂ model coefficients, we can roughly get the whole altitude profiles of O/N₂ within 6\% precision for any given ∑O/N₂.

Yu, Tingting; Ren, Zhipeng; Yu, You; Yue, Xinan; Zhou, Xu; Wan, Weixing;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on: 01/2020

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1029/2019SW002391

O/N2 ratio

A New method for deriving the nightside thermospheric density based on guvi dayside limb observations

Yu, Tingting; Ren, Zhipeng; Yu, You; Wan, Weixing;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Seasonal variation of O/N2 on different pressure levels from GUVI limb measurements

Yu, Tingting; Ren, Zhipeng; Le, Huijun; Wan, Weixing; Wang, Wenbin; Cai, Xuguang; Li, Xing;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Comparison of reference heights of O/N2 and∑ O/N2 based on GUVI dayside limb measurement

Yu, Tingting; Ren, Zhipeng; Yu, You; Yue, Xinan; Zhou, Xu; Wan, Weixing;

Published by: Space weather      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Storm-time Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere coupling processes revealed by distributed observations and numerical simulation

Zou, Shasha; Ren, Jiaen; Wang, Zihan;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Persistence of the long-duration daytime TEC enhancements at different longitudinal sectors during the August 2018 geomagnetic storm

Li, Qiaoling; Huang, Fuqing; Zhong, Jiahao; Zhang, Ruilong; Kuai, Jiawei; Lei, Jiuhou; Liu, Libo; Ren, Dexin; Ma, Han; Yoshikawa, Akimasa; , others;

Published by: Journal of geophysical research: space physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Longitudinally Varying Thermospheric Composition and Its Connection to the Extraordinary 2019 SSW

Greer, Katelynn; Harvey, Lynn; Goncharenko, Larisa;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Local Time Dependant Hemispheric Asymmetry of the Ionosphere During the September 7-8 2017 Storm: Multi-Instrument Observations

Wang, Zihan; Zou, Shasha; Ren, Jiaen; Aa, Ercha; Liu, Lei;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

On the responses of atomic oxygen at middle thermosphere (160 km) to the 20-21 November 2003 superstorm

Yu, Tingting; Wang, Wenbin; Ren, Zhipeng; Cai, Xuguang;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Evaluation of physics-based data assimilation system driven by neutral density data from a single satellite

Ren, Dexin; Lei, Jiuhou;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

The atmosphere below 200 km over Norilsk at solar minimum and maximum

Yakovleva, OE; Kushnarenko, GP; Kuznetsova, GM;

Published by: Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Climatology characteristics of ionospheric irregularities described with GNSS ROTI

the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) settled on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission spacecraft. The GUVI-based model is completely

Kotulak, Kacper; Zakharenkova, Irina; Krankowski, Andrzej; Cherniak, Iurii; Wang, Ningbo; Fron, Adam;

Published by: Remote Sensing      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.3390/rs12162634

A new method for deriving the nightside thermospheric density based on GUVI dayside limb observations

We propose a new method to derive the nightside thermsopheric density by extending GUVI dayside limb observations using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. First, we acquire the GUVI dayside total mass density during 2002-2005 to construct a preliminary empirical model (EM). Simultaneously, we decompose the background thermospheric density from US Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter Radar Extended (NRLMSISE-00) model into different empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). The decomposed EOFs are then used to fit the continuous density from EM, to develop a new nightside extended model (NEM). The preliminary EM and developed NEM are further evaluated with CHAMP satellite observations. Higher correlation coefficients and smaller relative standard errors (RSE) between CHAMP observations and the NEM results are obtained than those between CHAMP observations and the EM results, and the NEM results are in good agreement with the CHAMP observations in time series during both daytime and nighttime, which all prove the NEM method is effective to the reproduction and extension of GUVI original dayside observations. Furthermore, the NEM reveals two typical seasonal variation features, the semiannual variation and equinoctial asymmetry of thermospheric density. The model provides an effective tool to derive the nightside thermospheric density and explore the thermospheric intrinsic structure, and needs the further development to achieve more widespread application of the thermosphere.

Yu, Tingting; Ren, Zhipeng; Yu, You; Wan, Weixing;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on: 10/2019

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1029/2019SW002304

Comparison of Thermospheric Density Between GUVI Dayside Limb Data and CHAMP Satellite Observations: Based on Empirical Model

The Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) aboard the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite senses far ultraviolet airglow emissions in the thermosphere. The retrieved altitude profiles of thermospheric neutral density from GUVI daytime limb scans are significant for ionosphere-thermosphere study. Here, we use the profiles of the main neutral density to derive the total mass density during the period 2002\textendash2007 under geomagnetic quiet conditions (ap\ \<\ =12). We attempt to compare the obtained total mass density with the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) observations, making use of an empirical model (GUVI model hereafter). This GUVI model is aimed to solve the difficulty of the direct comparison of GUVI and CHAMP observations due to their different local times at a given location in a given day. The GUVI model is in good agreement with CHAMP observations with the small standard deviations of their ratios (less than 10\%) except at low solar flux levels. The correlation coefficients are greater than 0.9, and the relative standard errors are less than 20\%. Comparison between the GUVI model and CHAMP observations during solar minimum shows a large bias (~30\%). The large bias at low solar flux levels might be due to the limitation of F_10.7 as an extreme ultraviolet radiation flux proxy and the fitting method. Our results demonstrate the validity and accuracy of our model based on GUVI data against the density data from the CHAMP satellite.

Yu, Tingting; Ren, Zhipeng; Yue, Xinan; Yu, You; Wan, Weixing;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 03/2019

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1029/2018JA026229

Seasonal Variations of O/N 2 Volume Density Ratio Retrieved from GUVI Dayside Limb Measurement

Yu, Tingting; Ren, Zhipeng; Le, Huijun; Wan, Weixing;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Longitudinal variations of the occurrence probability of the ionospheric F1 layer peak at middle and high latitudes

Li, Zhenxing; Luan, Xiaoli; Ren, Dexin;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Application of BDS-GEO for studying TEC variability in equatorial ionosphere on different time scales

The GUVI data are provided through support from the NASA MO&DA program. The GUVI instrument was designed and built by The Aerospace Corporation and The Johns Hopkins

Padokhin, AM; Tereshin, NA; Yasyukevich, Yu; Andreeva, ES; Nazarenko, MO; Yasyukevich, AS; Kozlovtseva, EA; Kurbatov, GA;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2018.08.001

The ionosphere response to severe geomagnetic storm in March 2015 on the base of the data from Eurasian high-middle latitudes ionosonde chain

Changes in the middle and upper atmosphere parameters during the January 2013 sudden stratospheric warming

We present the results of complex obser-vationsof various parameters of the middle and upper atmosphere over Siberia in December 2012 \textendashJanuary 2013, during a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. We analyze variations in ozone concentra-tion from microwave measurements, in stratosphere and lower mesosphere temperatures from lidar and satellite measurements, in the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2), in the total electron content (TEC), as well as in the ra-tio of concentrations of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen (O/N2) in the thermosphere.To interpret the observed disturbances in the upper atmosphere, the ex-perimental measurements are compared with the results of model calculations obtained with the Global Self-Consistent Model of Thermosphere\textemdashIonosphere\textemdashProtonosphere (GSM TIP). The response of the upper atmosphere to the SSW event is shown to be a decreasein foF2 and TEC during the evolution of the warming event and a prolonged increase in O/N2, foF2, and TEC after the SSW maximum. For the first time, we observe the relation between the increase in stratospheric ozone, thermospheric O/N2, and ionospheric electron densityfor a fairly long time (up to 20 days) after the SSW maximum at midlatitudes.

Ясюкевич, Анна; Yasyukevich, Anna; Клименко, Максим; Klimenko, Maksim; Куликов, Юрий; Kulikov, Yury; Клименко, Владимир; Klimenko, Vladimir; Бессараб, Федор; Bessarab, Fedor; Кореньков, Юрий; Korenkov, Yuriy; Маричев, Валерий; Marichev, Valery; Ратовский, Константин; Ratovsky, Konstantin; Колесник, Сергей; Kolesnik, Sergey;

Published by: Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika      Published on: 08/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.12737/issue_5c1b83b913d443.7589563310.12737/szf-44201807

ROTI Maps: a new IGS ionospheric product characterizing the ionospheric irregularities occurrence

The International GNSS Service (IGS) has recently accepted for official release a new ionospheric product to characterize ionospheric irregularity and intensity as derived from multi-site ground-based GPS observations. This product was developed and implemented in the Space Radio-Diagnostic Research Center (SRRC), University of Warmia and Mazury. The SRRC has implemented this approach using in-house software for multi-step processing and interpretation of carrier phase delays in dual-frequency GPS signals and provides the new product to the IGS database. We used measurements with 30-s sampling rate from about 700 GPS stations located at high and middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The product represents changes in the GPS-based Rate of TEC Index (ROTI) and has a polar projection within a range of 50\textdegree\textendash90\textdegreeN in geomagnetic latitude and 00\textendash24 magnetic local time. The new service allows regular monitoring of ionospheric irregularities over the Northern Hemisphere. We demonstrate results of visualization and analysis of the IGS ROTI Maps product for representative periods with geomagnetically quiet conditions and severe geomagnetic storms in 2014\textendash2015 in order to demonstrate the performance and ability of this product to depict the development of ionospheric irregularities in the area of interest. During space weather events, the ionospheric irregularities oval, as deduced from the ROTI Maps, expands significantly in size toward midlatitudes with simultaneous increase in irregularities intensity, which can lead to degradation of the GPS precise positioning performance at lower latitudes.

Cherniak, Iurii; Krankowski, Andrzej; Zakharenkova, Irina;

Published by: GPS Solutions      Published on: 06/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1007/s10291-018-0730-1

Was Magnetic Storm the Only Driver of the Long-Duration Enhancements of Daytime Total Electron Content in the Asian-Australian Sector Between 7 and 12 September 2017?

In this study, multiple data sets from Beidou geostationary orbit satellites total electron contents (TECs), ionosonde, meteor radar, magnetometer, and model simulations have been used to investigate the ionospheric responses in the Asian-Australian sector during the September 2017 geomagnetic storm. It was found that long-duration daytime TEC enhancements that lasted from 7 to 12 September 2017 were observed by the Beidou geostationary orbit satellite constellation. This is a unique event as the prominent TEC enhancements persisted during the storm recovery phase when geomagnetic activity became quiet. The Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model predicted that the TEC enhancements on 7\textendash9 September were associated with the geomagnetic activity, but it showed significant electron density depletions on 10 and 11 September in contrast to the observed TEC enhancements. Our results suggested that the observed long-duration TEC enhancements from 7 to 12 September are mainly associated with the interplay of ionospheric dynamics and electrodynamics. Nevertheless, the root causes for the observed TEC enhancements seen in the storm recovery phase are unknown and require further observations and model studies.

Lei, Jiuhou; Huang, Fuqing; Chen, Xuetao; Zhong, Jiahao; Ren, Dexin; Wang, Wenbin; Yue, Xinan; Luan, Xiaoli; Jia, Mingjiao; Dou, Xiankang; Hu, Lianhuan; Ning, Baiqi; Owolabi, Charles; Chen, Jinsong; Li, Guozhu; Xue, Xianghui;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 04/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2017JA025166

Study of the Equatorial and Low-Latitude Electrodynamic and Ionospheric Disturbances During the 22\textendash23 June 2015 Geomagnetic Storm Using Ground-Based and Spaceborne Techniques

We use a set of ground-based instruments (Global Positioning System receivers, ionosondes, magnetometers) along with data of multiple satellite missions (Swarm, C/NOFS, DMSP, GUVI) to analyze the equatorial and low-latitude electrodynamic and ionospheric disturbances caused by the geomagnetic storm of 22\textendash23 June 2015, which is the second largest storm in the current solar cycle. Our results show that at the beginning of the storm, the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and the equatorial zonal electric fields were largely impacted by the prompt penetration electric fields (PPEF). The PPEF were first directed eastward and caused significant ionospheric uplift and positive ionospheric storm on the dayside, and downward drift on the nightside. Furthermore, about 45\ min after the storm commencement, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz component turned northward, leading to the EEJ changing sign to westward, and to overall decrease of the vertical total electron content (VTEC) and electron density on the dayside. At the end of the main phase of the storm, and with the second long-term IMF Bz southward turn, we observed several oscillations of the EEJ, which led us to conclude that at this stage of the storm, the disturbance dynamo effect was already in effect, competing with the PPEF and reducing it. Our analysis showed no significant upward or downward plasma motion during this period of time; however, the electron density and the VTEC drastically increased on the dayside (over the Asian region). We show that this second positive storm was largely influenced by the disturbed thermospheric conditions.

Astafyeva, E.; Zakharenkova, I.; Hozumi, K.; Alken, P.; isson, Co; Hairston, M.; Coley, W.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 03/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1002/jgra.v123.310.1002/2017JA024981

Features of High-Lat Ionospheric Irregularities Development as Revealed by Ground-Based GPS Observations, Satellite-Borne GPS Observations and Satellite In Situ Measurements over the Territory of Russia during the Geomagnetic Storm on March 17-18, 2015

The dynamic picture of the response of the high- and mid-latitude ionosphere to the strong geomagnetic disturbances on March 17-18, 2015, has been studied with ground-based and satellite observations, mainly, by transionospheric measurements of delays of GPS (Global Positioning System) signals. The advantages of the joint use of ground-based GPS measurements and GPS measurements on board of the Swarm Low-Earth-Orbit satellite mission for monitoring of the appearance of ionospheric irregularities over the territory of Russia are shown for the first time. The results of analysis of ground-based and space-borne GPS observations, as well as satellite, in situ measurements, revealed large-scale ionospheric plasma irregularities observed over the territory of Russia in the latitude range of 50^o - 85^o N during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm. The most intense ionospheric irregularities were detected in the auroral zone and in the region of the main ionospheric trough (MIT). It has been found that sharp changes in the phase of the carrier frequency of the navigation signal from all tracked satellites were recorded at all GPS stations located to the North from 55^o MLAT. The development of a deep MIT was related to dynamic processes in the subauroral ionosphere, in particular, with electric fields of the intense subauroral polarization stream. Analysis of the electron and ion density values obtained by instruments on board of the Swarm and DMSP satellites showed that the zone of highly structured auroral ionosphere extended at least to heights of 850-900 km.

Zakharenkova, I.; Cherniak, Iu.; Shagimuratov, I.; Klimenko, M.;

Published by: Geomagnetism and Aeronomy      Published on: 01/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1134/S0016793217050176

Study of the equatorial and low-latitude electrodynamic and ionospheric disturbances during the 22—23 June 2015 geomagnetic storm using ground-based and spaceborne techniques

We use a set of ground-based instruments (Global Positioning System receivers, ionosondes, magnetometers) along with data of multiple satellite missions (Swarm, C/NOFS, DMSP, GUVI) to analyze the equatorial and low-latitude electrodynamic and ionospheric disturbances caused by the geomagnetic storm of 22–23 June 2015, which is the second largest storm in the current solar cycle.

Astafyeva, E; Zakharenkova, I; Hozumi, K; Alken, P; isson, Co; Hairston, Marc; Coley, William;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024981

Study of the equatorial and low-latitude electrodynamic and ionospheric disturbances during the 22—23 June 2015 geomagnetic storm using ground-based and spaceborne techniques

Astafyeva, E; Zakharenkova, I; Hozumi, K; Alken, P; isson, Co; Hairston, Marc; Coley, William;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Changes in the Stratosphere and Ionosphere Parameters During the 2013 Major Stratospheric Warming

The paper presents the results of the complex experiment (lidar and ozonometric observations), carried out during the period of the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the North Asia region. The data of this experiment were supplemented by the ionospheric parameters observations. We considered variations in the critical frequency and peak height of the ionospheric F2-layer (foF2) from ionosonde measurements in Tomsk and Irkutsk, as well as the behavior of the total electron content (TEC) based on the phase dual-frequency GPS/GLONASS receivers\textquoteright data. We revealed significant variations in the stratosphere ozone concentration, ionospheric electron density, as well as in the thermosphere O/N ₂ ratio with the similar pattern during the SSW. The ionospheric response to SSW in the middle and high-latitude regions is suggested to be caused by changes in the neutral composition at the thermosphere altitudes.

Yasyukevich, Anna; Kulikov, Yury; Klimenko, Maxim; Klimenko, Vladimir; Bessarab, Fedor; Korenkov, Yury; Marichev, Valery; Ratovsky, Konstantin; Kolesnik, Sergey;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.23919/URSI-AT-RASC.2018.8471322

Observations of the Weddell Sea Anomaly in the ground-based and space-borne TEC measurements

The Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) is a summer ionospheric anomaly, which is characterized by a greater nighttime ionospheric density than that in daytime in the region near the Weddell Sea. We investigate the WSA signatures in the ground-based TEC (vertical total electron content) by using GPS and GLONASS measurements of the dense regional GNSS networks in South America. We constructed the high-resolution regional TEC maps for December 2014–January 2015. The WSA effects of the TEC exceed the noontime values are registered starting from 17 LT, it reaches its maximum at 01–05 LT and starts to disappear after 09 LT.

Zakharenkova, Irina; Cherniak, Iurii; Shagimuratov, Irk;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2017     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2017.06.014

Where does Earth’s atmosphere get its energy?

The Sun is Earth’s primary source of energy. In this paper, we compare the magnitude of the Sun to all other external (to the atmosphere) energy sources. These external sources were

Kren, Andrew; Pilewskie, Peter; Coddington, Odele;

Published by: Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate      Published on:

YEAR: 2017     DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2017007