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Far-ultraviolet airglow remote sensing measurements on Feng Yun 3-D meteorological satellite

\textlessp\textgreater\textlessstrong class="journal-contentHeaderColor"\textgreaterAbstract.\textless/strong\textgreater The Ionospheric Photometer (IPM) is carried on the Feng Yun 3-D (FY3D) meteorological satellite, which allows for the measurement of far-ultraviolet (FUV) airglow radiation in the thermosphere. IPM is a compact and high-sensitivity nadir-viewing FUV remote sensing instrument. It monitors 135.6 nm emission in the nightside thermosphere and 135.6 nm and N\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater Lyman–Birge–Hopfield (LBH) emissions in the dayside thermosphere that can be used to invert the peak electron density of the F\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater layer (NmF\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$)\textless/span\textgreater at night and the \textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater\textlessmath xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"\textgreater\textlessmrow class="chem"\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterO\textless/mi\textgreater\textlessmo\textgreater/\textless/mo\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterN\textless/mi\textgreater\textless/mrow\textgreater\textless/math\textgreater\textlessspan\textgreater\textlesssvg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="73a3f14187048fa14eee70dd1027ad23"\textgreater\textlesssvg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00001.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00001.png"/\textgreater\textless/svg:svg\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater ratio in the daytime, respectively. Preliminary observations show that the IPM could monitor the global structure of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) structure around 02:00 LT using atomic oxygen (OI) 135.6 nm nightglow. It could also identify the reduction of \textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater\textlessmath xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"\textgreater\textlessmrow class="chem"\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterO\textless/mi\textgreater\textlessmo\textgreater/\textless/mo\textgreater\textlessmi mathvariant="normal"\textgreaterN\textless/mi\textgreater\textless/mrow\textgreater\textless/math\textgreater\textlessspan\textgreater\textlesssvg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="7662cd64e23809d534f2b5721e55261b"\textgreater\textlesssvg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00002.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="amt-15-1577-2022-ie00002.png"/\textgreater\textless/svg:svg\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textless/span\textgreater\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater in the high-latitude region during the geomagnetic storm of 26 August 2018. The IPM-derived NmF\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$_\textrm2$\textless/span\textgreater agrees well with that observed by four ionosonde stations along 120\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$^\textrm∘$\textless/span\textgreater E with a standard deviation of 26.67 \%. Initial results demonstrate that the performance of IPM meets the design requirements and therefore can be used to study the thermosphere and ionosphere in the future.\textless/p\textgreater

Wang, Yungang; Fu, Liping; Jiang, Fang; Hu, Xiuqing; Liu, Chengbao; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Li, JiaWei; Ren, Zhipeng; He, Fei; Sun, Lingfeng; Sun, Ling; Yang, Zhongdong; Zhang, Peng; Wang, Jingsong; Mao, Tian;

Published by: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques      Published on: mar

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.5194/amt-15-1577-2022

Local Persistent Ionospheric Positive Responses to the Geomagnetic Storm in August 2018 Using BDS-GEO Satellites over Low-Latitude Regions in Eastern Hemisphere

We present the ionospheric disturbance responses over low-latitude regions by using total electron content from Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), ionosonde data and Swarm satellite data, during the geomagnetic storm in August 2018. The results show that a prominent total electron content (TEC) enhancement over low-latitude regions is observed during the main phase of the storm. There is a persistent TEC increase lasting for about 1–2 days and a moderately positive disturbance response during the recovery phase on 27–28 August, which distinguishes from the general performance of ionospheric TEC in the previous storms. We also find that this phenomenon is a unique local-area disturbance of the ionosphere during the recovery phase of the storm. The enhanced foF2 and hmF2 of the ionospheric F2 layer is observed by SANYA and LEARMONTH ionosonde stations during the recovery phase. The electron density from Swarm satellites shows a strong equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest over the low-latitude area during the main phase of storm, which is simultaneous with the uplift of the ionospheric F2 layer from the SANYA ionosonde. Meanwhile, the thermosphere O/N2 ratio shows a local increase on 27–28 August over low-latitude regions. From the above results, this study suggests that the uplift of F layer height and the enhanced O/N2 ratio are possibly main factors causing the local-area positive disturbance responses during the recovery phase of the storm in August 2018.

Tang, Jun; Gao, Xin; Yang, Dengpan; Zhong, Zhengyu; Huo, Xingliang; Wu, Xuequn;

Published by: Remote Sensing      Published on: jan

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.3390/rs14092272

BDS-GEO; differential code biases; geomagnetic storm; Ionospheric disturbance; TEC

Seismogenic Anomalies in Atmospheric Gravity Waves as Observed from SABER/TIMED Satellite during Large Earthquakes

Atmospheric disturbances caused by seismic activity are a complex phenomenon. The Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) (LAIC) mechanism gives a detailed idea

Kundu, Subrata; Chowdhury, Swati; Ghosh, Soujan; Sasmal, Sudipta; Politis, Dimitrios; Potirakis, Stelios; Yang, Shih-Sian; Chakrabarti, Sandip; Hayakawa, Masashi;

Published by: Journal of Sensors      Published on:

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1155/2022/3201104

Wide-field aurora imager onboard Fengyun satellite: Data products and validation

New observations of auroras based on the wide-field aurora imager (WAI) onboard Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) satellite are exhibited in this paper. Validity of the WAI data is analyzed by comparing auroral boundaries derived from WAI observations with results obtained from data collected by the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP F18). Dynamic variations of the aurora with the solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters, and the SYM-H index are also investigated. The comparison of auroral boundaries indicates that the WAI data are morphologically valid and suitable to the study of auroral dynamics. Effective responses to solar wind parameters indicate that the WAI data can be useful to monitor and predict the Earth s space weather. Since the configuration of aurora is a good indicator of the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere (SW-M-I) coupling system, and can reflect the disturbance of the space environment, the WAI will provide important data to help us to study the physical processes in space.

Ding, GuangXing; Li, JiaWei; Zhang, Xiaoxin; He, Fei; He, LingPing; Song, KeFei; Sun, Liang; Dai, Shuang; Liu, ShiJie; Chen, Bo; Yu, Chao; Hu, Xiuqing; Gu, SongYan; Yang, Zhongdong; Zhang, Peng;

Published by: Earth and Planetary Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI: 10.26464/epp2021003

auroral dynamics; FY-3D; SSUSI; SW-M-I; WAI

Magnetospheric Conditions for STEVE and SAID: Particle Injection, Substorm Surge, and Field-Aligned Currents

Nishimura, Y; Yang, J; Weygand, JM; Wang, W; Kosar, B; Donovan, EF; , Angelopoulos; Paxton, LJ; Nishitani, N;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Magnetospheric conditions for STEVE and SAID: Particle injection, substorm surge, and field-aligned currents

Nishimura, Y; Yang, J; Weygand, JM; Wang, W; Kosar, B; Donovan, EF; , Angelopoulos; Paxton, LJ; Nishitani, N;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Prediction and variation of the auroral oval boundary based on a deep learning model and space physical parameters

The auroral oval boundary represents an important physical process with implications for the ionosphere and magnetosphere. An automatic auroral oval boundary prediction method

Han, Yiyuan; Han, Bing; Hu, Zejun; Gao, Xinbo; Zhang, Lixia; Yang, Huigen; Li, Bin;

Published by: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.5194/npg-27-11-2020

Wide-field auroral imager onboard the Fengyun satellite

The newly launched Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) satellite carried a wide-field auroral imager (WAI) that was developed by Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CIOMP), which will provide a large field of view (FOV), high spatial resolution, and broadband ultraviolet images of the aurora and the ionosphere by imaging the N₂ LBH bands of emissions. The WAI consists of two identical cameras, each with an FOV of 68\textdegree in the along-track direction and 10\textdegree in the cross-track direction. The two cameras are tilted relative to each other to cover a fan-shaped field of size 130\textdegree \texttimes 10\textdegree. Each camera consists of an unobstructed four-mirror anastigmatic optical system, a BaF₂ filter, and a photon-counting imaging detector. The spatial resolution of WAI is ~10 km at the nadir point at a reference height of 110 km above the Earth\textquoterights surface. The sensitivity is \>0.01 counts s^-1 Rayleigh^-1 pixel^-1 (140\textendash180 nm) for both cameras, which is sufficient for mapping the boundaries and the fine structures of the auroral oval during storms/substorms. Based on the tests and calibrations that were conducted prior to launch, the data processing algorithm includes photon signal decoding, geometric distortion correction, photometric correction, flat-field correction, line-of-sight projection and correction, and normalization between the two cameras. Preliminarily processed images are compared with DMSP SSUSI images. The agreement between the images that were captured by two instruments demonstrates that the WAI and the data processing algorithm operate normally and can provide high-quality scientific data for future studies on auroral dynamics.

Zhang, Xiao-Xin; Chen, Bo; He, Fei; Song, Ke-Fei; He, Ling-Ping; Liu, Shi-Jie; Guo, Quan-Feng; Li, Jia-Wei; Wang, Xiao-Dong; Zhang, Hong-Ji; Wang, Hai-Feng; Han, Zhen-Wei; Sun, Liang; Zhang, Pei-Jie; Dai, Shuang; Ding, Guang-Xing; Chen, Li-Heng; Wang, Zhong-Su; Shi, Guang-Wei; Zhang, Xin; Yu, Chao; Yang, Zhong-Dong; Zhang, Peng; Wang, Jin-Song;

Published by: Light: Science \& Applications      Published on: 05/2019

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0157-7

Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Proxy of Photosynthesis: Measurements, Modeling, and Applications from Field, Airborne, and Satellite Platforms II Posters

Zhang, Yongguang; Joiner, Joanna; Guan, Kaiyu; Yang, Xi;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Ionospheric and Thermospheric Responses to the Recent Strong Solar Flares on 6 September 2017

Two solar flares X2.2 and X9.3 erupted over the active region 2673 on 6 September 2017, and the second flare is the strongest since 2005. In order to investigate the ionospheric and thermospheric responses to the two solar flares, the global total electron content and the critical frequency of F2 layer obtained from GPS stations and ionosondes are used. The results indicate that the ionosphere in the sunlit hemisphere increased significantly with magnitudes of 0.1 and 0.5 total electron content units for the X2.2 and X9.3 solar flares, respectively. The electron density, thermospheric neutral density, and neutral temperature simulated by the Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model show that the behavior of ionospheric and thermospheric responses is different. The ionospheric disturbances occurred at the altitude ranges of 150-300\ km, and the thermospheric responses occurred at the altitudes of 250-400\ km are caused by solar extreme ultraviolet and ultraviolet photons, respectively. Both ionospheric and thermospheric responses are proportional to the height within their corresponding altitude ranges. Observations and simulations reveal that the ionospheric and thermospheric responses are nonlinearly dependent on the solar zenith angle. The disturbances caused by the X2.2 solar flare are symmetric, but the X9.3 solar flare are not. The O/N₂ density ratio simulated by Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model increases from lev0 to lev5.0 pressure surface with a magnitude of 0.1\textendash1.8, while the ratio decreases in the American sector with a magnitude of -0.6 to -0.3. The longitudinal asymmetry of O/N₂ density ratio is a major contributor to the longitudinal asymmetry of ionospheric and thermospheric responses.

Li, Wang; Yue, Jianping; Yang, Yang; He, Changyong; Hu, Andong; Zhang, Kefei;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 10/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025700

Meteor radar wind over Chung-Li (24.9 N, 121 E), Taiwan, for the period 10--25 November 2012 which includes Leonid meteor shower: Comparison with empirical model and satellite measurements

The neutral winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region are measured by a newly installed meteor trail detection system (or meteor radar) at Chung-Li, Taiwan, for the period 10\textendash25 November 2012, which includes the Leonid meteor shower period. In this study, we use the 3 m field-aligned plasma irregularities in the sporadic E (E_s) region in combination with the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model to calibrate the system phase biases such that the true positions of the meteor trails can be correctly determined with interferometry technique. The horizontal wind velocities estimated from the radial velocities of the meteor trails and their locations by using a least squares method show that the diurnal tide dominates the variation of the MLT neutral wind with time over Chung-Li, which is in good agreement with the horizontal wind model (HWM07) prediction. However, harmonic analysis reveals that the amplitudes of the mean wind, diurnal, and semidiurnal tides of the radar-measured winds in height range 82\textendash100 km are systematically larger than those of the model-predicted winds by up to a factor of 3. A comparison shows that the overall pattern of the height-local time distribution of the composite radar-measured meteor wind is, in general, consistent with that of the TIMED Doppler Interferometer-observed wind, which is dominated by a diurnal oscillation with downward phase progression at a rate of about 1.3 km/h. The occurrences of the E_s layers retrieved from fluctuations of the amplitude and excess phase of the GPS signal received by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites during the GPS radio occultation (RO) process are compared with the shear zones of the radar-measured meteor wind and HWM07 wind. The result shows that almost all of the RO-retrieved E_s layers occur within the wind shear zones that favor the E_s layer formation based on the wind shear theory, suggesting that the primary physical process responsible for the E_s layer events retrieved from the scintillations of the GPS RO signal is very likely the plasma convergence effect of the neutral wind shear.

Su, C.; Chen, H.; Chu, Y.; Chung, M.; Kuong, R.; Lin, T.; Tzeng, K.; Wang, C; Wu, K.; Yang, K.;

Published by: Radio Science      Published on: 08/2014

YEAR: 2014     DOI: 10.1002/2013RS005273

HWM07; radar meteor wind; tide

Auroral hemispheric power during geomagnetic storms driven by different interplanetary disturbances

Although it has been a long time since the beginning of research on the auroral hemispheric power (HP), less has been done on the differences of HP among storms driven by different

Chen, Xi; FU, Sui-Yan; Zheng, Ling; YANG, Li-Ping; CUI, Yan-Bo;

Published by: Chinese Journal of Geophysics      Published on:

YEAR: 2014     DOI: 10.6038/cjg20141130

The seasonal dependence of cycle slip occurrence of GPS data over China low latitude region

The relationship of daily accumulated cycle slip occurrence with the season is analyzed using the GPS data observed in six GPS stations located in China low latitude region in 2001. It is found that the seasonal dependence of cycle slip occurrence is evident. The cycle slip mainly occurs during the periods of two equinox months (March to May and September to October), and some correlative changes of the cycle slip occurrences over all six stations are exhibited in some special days. Considering the diurnal dependence of cycle slip, it can be inferred that the cycle slip occurrence with certain elevation limitation is related with the ionospheric irregularities over this region.

Zhang, Donghe; Feng, Man; Xiao, Zuo; Hao, Yongqiang; Shi, LiQin; Yang, GuangLin; Suo, YuCheng;

Published by: Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences      Published on:

YEAR: 2007     DOI: 10.1007/s11431-007-0059-4