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Found 107 entries in the Bibliography.
Showing entries from 1 through 50
| 2022 |
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In the White Paper, submitted in response to the European Space Agency (ESA) Voyage 2050 Call, we present the importance of advancing our knowledge of plasma-neutral gas interactions, and of deepening our understanding of the partially ionized environments that are ubiquitous in the upper atmospheres of planets and moons, and elsewhere in space. In future space missions, the above task requires addressing the following fundamental questions: (A) How and by how much do plasma-neutral gas interactions influence the re-distribution of externally provided energy to the composing species? (B) How and by how much do plasma-neutral gas interactions contribute toward the growth of heavy complex molecules and biomolecules? Answering these questions is an absolute prerequisite for addressing the long-standing questions of atmospheric escape, the origin of biomolecules, and their role in the evolution of planets, moons, or comets, under the influence of energy sources in the form of electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation, because low-energy ion-neutral cross-sections in space cannot be reproduced quantitatively in laboratories for conditions of satisfying, particularly, (1) low-temperatures, (2) tenuous or strong gradients or layered media, and (3) in low-gravity plasma. Measurements with a minimum core instrument package (\textless 15 kg) can be used to perform such investigations in many different conditions and should be included in all deep-space missions. These investigations, if specific ranges of background parameters are considered, can also be pursued for Earth, Mars, and Venus. Yamauchi, Masatoshi; De Keyser, Johan; Parks, George; Oyama, Shin-ichiro; Wurz, Peter; Abe, Takumi; Beth, Arnaud; Daglis, Ioannis; Dandouras, Iannis; Dunlop, Malcolm; Henri, Pierre; Ivchenko, Nickolay; Kallio, Esa; Kucharek, Harald; Liu, Yong; Mann, Ingrid; Marghitu, Octav; Nicolaou, Georgios; Rong, Zhaojin; Sakanoi, Takeshi; Saur, Joachim; Shimoyama, Manabu; Taguchi, Satoshi; Tian, Feng; Tsuda, Takuo; Tsurutani, Bruce; Turner, Drew; Ulich, Thomas; Yau, Andrew; Yoshikawa, Ichiro; Published by: Experimental Astronomy Published on: mar YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.1007/s10686-022-09846-9 Collision cross-section; Future missions; Low-energy; Neutral gas; Plasma; Voyage 2050 |
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Accurate representation of ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (τ) and scale height (Hm) plays a crucial role in characterizing the complex dynamics of topside and bottomside ionospheric constituents. In the present work, we examined the corresponding morphologies of ionospheric profile parameters with collocated global positioning system (GPS) and Digisonde Portable Sounder (DPS) setups at an equatorial location in west Africa Ilorin (8.50°N, 4.68°E), during a low solar activity year 2010. The extracted τ from GPS and DPS in selected quiet periods confirm it to be a first-order measure of Hm over Africa. The seasonal analysis of τ shows substantial enhancement in the magnitude during the post-sunset and solstice seasons, of which December solstice manifests relatively higher values than June solstice. This result could be associated with the elevation of the meridional wind and drift in the parameters, which are more substantial during the post-noon and solstices. Therefore, at solstices, the post-night increase could indicate solar cycle dynamics during HSA (high solar activity) and LSA (low solar activity). However, the extracted Hm from its relationship with τ did not show visible effects of dynamics in E × B plasma drift and the meridional wind. In our study, a decline in morphologies of Hm and τ from December solstice to June solstice through the equinox is not consistent with the existing observations at mid-latitude. The results would complement the relationships between bottomside and topside profile peak parameters and dynamics of ionospheric constituents for a realistic representation and modeling of the ionosphere over African equatorial and low latitude regions. Thus, it also contributes to the global effort of improving ionospheric prediction and forecasting models. Odeyemi, Olumide; Adeniyi, Jacob; Oyeyemi, Elijah; Panda, Sampad; Jamjareegulgarn, Punyawi; Olugbon, Busola; Oluwadare, Esholomo; Akala, Andrew; Olawepo, Adeniji; Adewale, Adekola; Published by: Advances in Space Research Published on: jan YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2021.10.030 Global positioning system; Digital portable sounder; Equatorial latitude; Equivalent slab thickness; scale height |
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Scintillation due to ionospheric plasma irregularities remains a challenging task for the space science community as it can severely threaten the dynamic systems relying on space-based navigation services. In the present paper, we probe the ionospheric current and plasma irregularity characteristics from a latitudinal arrangement of magnetometers and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations from the equator to the far low latitude location over the Indian longitudes, during the severe space weather events of 6–10 September 2017 that are associated with the strongest and consecutive solar flares in the 24th solar cycle. The night-time influence of partial ring current signatures in ASYH and the daytime influence of the disturbances in the ionospheric E region electric currents (Diono) are highlighted during the event. The total electron content (TEC) from the latitudinal GNSS observables indicate a perturbed equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) condition on 7 September, due to a sequence of M-class solar flares and associated prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs), whereas the suppressed EIA on 8 September with an inverted equatorial electrojet (EEJ) suggests the driving disturbance dynamo electric current (Ddyn) corresponding to disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEFs) penetration in the E region and additional contributions from the plausible storm-time compositional changes (O/N2) in the F-region. The concurrent analysis of the Diono and EEJ strengths help in identifying the pre-reversal effect (PRE) condition to seed the development of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) during the local evening sector on the storm day. The severity of ionospheric irregularities at different latitudes is revealed from the occurrence rate of the rate of change of TEC index (ROTI) variations. Further, the investigations of the hourly maximum absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of ROTI from the reference quiet days’ levels and the timestamps of ROTI peak magnitudes substantiate the severity, latitudinal time lag in the peak of irregularity, and poleward expansion of EPBs and associated scintillations. The key findings from this study strengthen the understanding of evolution and the drifting characteristics of plasma irregularities over the Indian low latitudes. Vankadara, Ram; Panda, Sampad; Amory-Mazaudier, Christine; Fleury, Rolland; Devanaboyina, Venkata; Pant, Tarun; Jamjareegulgarn, Punyawi; Haq, Mohd; Okoh, Daniel; Seemala, Gopi; Published by: Remote Sensing Published on: jan YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.3390/rs14030652 space weather; equatorial plasma bubbles; ionospheric irregularity; global navigation satellite system; magnetometer; poleward drift; rate of change of TEC index; scintillations; storm-time electric currents |
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The variations of neutral temperature in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region, during the 7–8 September 2017 intense geomagnetic storm, are studied using observations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. They are also studied using simulations by the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIMEGCM). The neutral temperature data cover the altitudes from 80 km to 110 km between 83° N and 52° S latitude, obtained from both SABER observations and model simulations. The SABER observations reveal that temperature increases (the maximum increase is larger than 35 K at \textasciitilde108 km) and decreases (the maximum decrease is larger than 20 K at \textasciitilde105 km) during the geomagnetic storm. The storm effects penetrate down to \textasciitilde80 km. In observations, temperature variations corresponding to the storm show hemispheric asymmetry. That is, the variations of temperature are more prominent in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. Conversely, the TIMEGCM outputs agree with the observations in general but overestimate the temperature increases and underestimate the temperature decreases at high and middle latitudes. Meanwhile, the simulations show stronger temperature decreases and weaker temperature increases than observations at low latitudes. After analyzing the temperature variations, we suggest that vertical winds may play an important role in inducing these significant variations of temperature in the MLT region. Sun, Meng; Li, Zheng; Li, Jingyuan; Lu, Jianyong; Gu, Chunli; Zhu, Mengbin; Tian, Yufeng; Published by: Universe Published on: feb YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.3390/universe8020096 geomagnetic storm; temperature; the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT); TIMEGCM |
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Optomechanical design of a wide-field auroral imager on Fengyun-3D We present the optomechanical design and development of a wide-field auroral imager (WAI) on board the satellite Fengyun-3D. The optomechanical system of the WAI features a combination of a large field of view and a single-axis scanning mechanism. The combination makes the WAI perform better than its counterparts in temporal resolution in a low Earth orbit. In-orbit tests have verified the survival of WAI in the launching vibration and space environment. It has functioned on-orbit since 2018, with a spatial resolution of ∼10km at the nadir point, at a reference height of 110 km above the ionosphere. Guo, Quanfeng; Chen, Bo; Liu, ShiJie; Song, KeFei; He, LingPing; He, Fei; Zhao, Weiguo; Wang, Zhongsu; Chen, Liheng; Shi, Guangwei; Published by: Applied Optics Published on: apr YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.1364/AO.453949 |
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The influence of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) on the ionosphere and ionospheric irregularities has been studied extensively over the years. However, majority of these Agyei-Yeboah, Ebenezer; Fagundes, Paulo; Tardelli, Alexandre; Pillat, Valdir; Vieira, Francisco; Arcanjo, Mateus; Published by: Advances in Space Research Published on: YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2022.08.065 |
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Ionospheric Disturbances and Irregularities during the 25--26 August 2018 Geomagnetic Storm We use ground-based (GNSS, SuperDARN, and ionosondes) and space-borne (Swarm, CSES, and DMSP) instruments to study ionospheric disturbances due to the 25–26 August 2018 geomagnetic storm. The strongest large-scale storm-time enhancements were detected over the Asian and Pacific regions during the main and early recovery phases of the storm. In the American sector, there occurred the most complex effects caused by the action of multiple drivers. At the beginning of the storm, a large positive disturbance occurred over North America at low and high latitudes, driven by the storm-time reinforcement of the equatorial ionization anomaly (at low latitudes) and by particle precipitation (at high latitudes). During local nighttime hours, we observed numerous medium-scale positive and negative ionospheric disturbances at middle and high latitudes that were attributed to a storm-enhanced density (SED)-plume, mid-latitude ionospheric trough, and particle precipitation in the auroral zone. In South America, total electron content (TEC) maps clearly showed the presence of the equatorial plasma bubbles, that, however, were not seen in data of Rate-of-TEC-change index (ROTI). Global ROTI maps revealed intensive small-scale irregularities at high latitudes in both hemispheres within the auroral region. In general, the ROTI disturbance “imaged” quite well the auroral oval boundaries. The most intensive ionospheric fluctuations were observed at low and mid-latitudes over the Pacific Ocean. The storm also affected the positioning accuracy by GPS receivers: during the main phase of the storm, the precise point positioning error exceeded 0.5 m, which is more than five times greater as compared to quiet days. Astafyeva, E.; Yasyukevich, Y.; Maletckii, B.; Oinats, A.; Vesnin, A.; Yasyukevich, A.; Syrovatskii, S.; Guendouz, N.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029843 Geomagnetic storms; Ionosphere; ROTI; ionospheric disturbances; ionospheric irregularities; multi-instrumental approach |
| 2021 |
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Ion temperature data recorded by Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar (42.61° N, 288.51° E) over four full solar cycles (from 1970 to 2018) are analyzed to depict its climatological behavior in the range of altitudes between 100 and 550 km. The ion temperature dependencies on altitude, local time, month of the year, and solar activity level are studied through a climatological analysis based on binning and boxplot representation of statistical values. Binned observations of ion temperature are compared with International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) modeled values (IRI-2016 version). This comparison reveals several shortcomings in the IRI modeling of the ion temperature at ionosphere altitudes, in particular for the altitudinal, diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity description. The main finding of this study is that the overall IRI overestimation of the ion temperature can be probably ascribed to the long-term ionosphere cooling. Moreover, the study suggests that the IRI ion temperature model needs to implement the seasonal and solar activity dependence, and introduce a more refined diurnal description to allow multiple diurnal maxima seen in observations. The IRI ion temperature anchor point at 430 km is investigated in more detail to show how also a better description of the altitude dependence is desirable for modeling purposes. Some hints and clues are finally given to improve the IRI ion temperature model. Pignalberi, Alessio; Aksonova, Kateryna; Zhang, Shun-Rong; Truhlik, Vladimir; Gurram, Padma; Pavlou, Charalambos; Published by: Advances in Space Research Published on: sep YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2020.10.025 Climatological analysis; International Reference Ionosphere model; ion temperature; Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar |
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In this study the statistics of ionospheric total electron content (TEC), derived from a GSV4004B dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver at Agartala station (23.450°N, 91.150°E) located in northern equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest region of the Indian subcontinent, is reported with a performance analysis of IRI-2016 and IRI-2012 models during the ascending, maxima, declining and minima phases (2013-2018) of the solar cycle 24. Variations of model total electron content, as obtained from the IRI-2016 and IRI-2012 for the three options of topside electron density namely NeQuick, IRI 2001 and IRI 01-corr, are compared with the observed total electron content during different periods of interest viz. monthly, seasonal, annual and the correlations with solar activity parameters viz. sunspot number (SSN), 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10.7), solar EUV flux, are also investigated. All the three options of IRI-2016 and IRI-2012 models show an earlier occurrence of diurnal maximum total electron content, as compared to the observed diurnal maximum GPS total electron content, throughout all the months during the complete period of observation. As the solar activity decreases (from 2015 to 2018), the model starts underestimating GPS total electron content, which becomes significantly high during the very low solar activity period of 2017-18 for all the months. IRI-2016 model underestimates the GPS total electron content before the hours of diurnal maximum and overestimates after the hours of diurnal maximum in the years from 2013-2018. IRI-2012 model underestimates the GPS total electron content before the hours of diurnal maximum and overestimates after the hours of diurnal maximum in the years from 2013-17 but overestimate during the whole day in the year of 2018. Overestimation by IRI-2012 is much more than that by IRI-2016 in the year of 2018. Predictions given by IRI-2016 are better than that given by IRI-2012 for our region. The seasonal mean maximum total electron content values are highest during the spring equinox months and lowest during the winter months except the year of 2014 and 2013. The correlation analysis, between the GPS total electron content and solar indices, show that the correlation coefficient is higher for the solar EUV flux, as compared to the sunspot number (SSN) and 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10.7). Patari, Arup; Paul, Bapan; Guha, Anirban; Published by: Astrophysics and Space Science Published on: may YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1007/s10509-021-03950-6 EIA; EUV flux; F10.7; GPS TEC; IRI-2012 TEC; IRI-2016 TEC; SSN |
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Wide-field aurora imager onboard Fengyun satellite: Data products and validation New observations of auroras based on the wide-field aurora imager (WAI) onboard Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) satellite are exhibited in this paper. Validity of the WAI data is analyzed by comparing auroral boundaries derived from WAI observations with results obtained from data collected by the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP F18). Dynamic variations of the aurora with the solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters, and the SYM-H index are also investigated. The comparison of auroral boundaries indicates that the WAI data are morphologically valid and suitable to the study of auroral dynamics. Effective responses to solar wind parameters indicate that the WAI data can be useful to monitor and predict the Earth s space weather. Since the configuration of aurora is a good indicator of the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere (SW-M-I) coupling system, and can reflect the disturbance of the space environment, the WAI will provide important data to help us to study the physical processes in space. Ding, GuangXing; Li, JiaWei; Zhang, Xiaoxin; He, Fei; He, LingPing; Song, KeFei; Sun, Liang; Dai, Shuang; Liu, ShiJie; Chen, Bo; Yu, Chao; Hu, Xiuqing; Gu, SongYan; Yang, Zhongdong; Zhang, Peng; Published by: Earth and Planetary Physics Published on: YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.26464/epp2021003 |
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The local, regional, and global morphology of the ionospheric response of the March 2015 geomagnetic storm has been investigated by different studies. However, the spatio-temporal evolution of the drivers of the global ionospheric response to this storm has not yet been investigated, using multi-data sources, in detail. Therefore, in this study drivers of the ionospheric response to the March 17–18, 2015 storm are investigated. Spatial and temporal variations of deposition of solar wind energy are found to be the cause for hemispherical asymmetry of the response of the ionosphere; the American-Canada-Greenland sector, Northern Hemisphere high-latitude ionosphere responded about 12 h earlier than the Southern Hemisphere (SH) high-latitude ionosphere, resulted from hemispherical energy imbalance as detected from Hemispherical Power. The positive ionospheric storm observed in the high-latitude regions is found to be due to solar wind energy deposition at high latitudes. Interestingly, it is found that the Northern hemisphere ionospheric positive storm shifted to the mid-latitude and disappeared there whereas the SH ionospheric positive storm shifted to mid-latitude and then farther to the low-latitude with time; this spatio-temporal evaluation of positive ionospheric storm is found to be due to the spatio-temporal enhancement of the O/N2 ratio. Also, the mid (Europe-African)and low (Brazilian) latitudes positive ionospheric storms prevailed due to prompt penetration electric fields, disturbance dynamo electric fields, and enhancement of the O/N2 ratio. Moreover, the negative ionospheric storm, observed at the NH high and mid-latitudes in the American and Asian sectors, is linked to the reduction of the O/N2 ratio. Terefe, Dejene; Nigussie, Melessew; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029348 |
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A Synoptic-Scale Wavelike Structure in the Nighttime Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Both ground- and satellite-based airglow imaging have significantly contributed to understanding the low-latitude ionosphere, especially the morphology and dynamics of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The NASA Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission focuses on far-ultraviolet airglow images from a geostationary orbit at 47.5°W. This region is of particular interest at low magnetic latitudes because of the high magnetic declination (i.e., about -20°) and proximity of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly. In this study, we characterize an exciting feature of the nighttime EIA using GOLD observations from October 5, 2018 to June 30, 2020. It consists of a wavelike structure of a few thousand kilometers seen as poleward and equatorward displacements of the EIA-crests. Initial analyses show that the synoptic-scale structure is symmetric about the dip equator and appears nearly stationary with time over the night. In quasi-dipole coordinates, maxima poleward displacements of the EIA-crests are seen at about ± 12° latitude and around 20 and 60° longitude (i.e., in geographic longitude at the dip equator, about 53°W and 14°W). The wavelike structure presents typical zonal wavelengths of about 6.7 × 103 km and 3.3 × 103 km. The structure s occurrence and wavelength are highly variable on a day-to-day basis with no apparent dependence on geomagnetic activity. In addition, a cluster or quasi-periodic wave train of equatorial plasma depletions (EPDs) is often detected within the synoptic-scale structure. We further outline the difference in observing these EPDs from FUV images and in situ measurements during a GOLD and Swarm mission conjunction. Rodríguez-Zuluaga, J.; Stolle, C.; Yamazaki, Y.; Xiong, C.; England, S.; Published by: Earth and Space Science Published on: YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1029/2020EA001529 equatorial plasma bubbles; Equatorial ionization anomaly; Equatorial ionosphere; forcing from below; wave structure |
| 2020 |
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Paxton, Larry; Provornikova, Elena; Roelof, Edmond; emerais, Eric; Izmodenov, Vladislav; Katushkina, Olga; Mierkiewicz, Edwin; Baliukin, Igor; Gruntman, Mike; Taguchi, Makoto; , others; Published by: Published on: |
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In this study the response of ionospheric F-region to 18–21 September 2014, 19–24 January 2016, and 07–10 March 2016 CIR-driven storms in the equatorial and low-latitude region of Dugassa, Teshome; Habarulema, John; Nigussie, Melessew; Published by: Advances in Space Research Published on: YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2020.07.003 |
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In this paper we provide a comprehensive comparison of in situ electron density (Ne) and temperature (Te) measured by Langmuir probe (LAP) on board the China Seismo‐ Yan, Rui; Zhima, Zeren; Xiong, Chao; Shen, Xuhui; Huang, Jianping; Guan, Yibing; Zhu, Xinghong; Liu, Chao; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027747 |
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Prominent daytime TEC enhancements under the quiescent condition of January 2017 UltraViolet Imager (GUVI) for the longitude and latitude bins of 30 and 10, respectively. However, as shown in Figure 3c, the O/N 2 ratio from Global UltraViolet Imager (GUVI) had no Huang, Fuqing; Lei, Jiuhou; Zhang, Ruilong; Li, Na; Gu, Shengyang; Yu, You; Liu, Libo; Owolabi, Charles; Ning, Baiqi; Li, Guozhu; , others; Published by: Geophysical Research Letters Published on: YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.1029/2020GL088398 |
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the South American longitudinal sector, which was also observed by GUVI data (Kil et al., 2004); This result was also observed by GUVI in Kil et al. (2004), ROCSAT-1 in Y. Chen et al. Guo, Bing; Xu, JiYao; Sun, Longchang; Lin, Yingjun; Yuan, Wei; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027764 |
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A mesoscale wave-like structure in the nighttime equatorial ionization anomaly Both ground-and satellite-based airglow imaging have significantly contributed to our understanding of the low-latitude ionosphere, especially of the morphology and dynamics of the iguez-Zuluaga, Juan; Stolle, Claudia; Yamazaki, Yosuke; Xiong, Chao; England, Scott; Published by: Earth and Space Science Open Archive ESSOAr Published on: YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10504705.1 |
| 2019 |
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The ionospheric response of two geomagnetic storms of 2016 occurred during spring equinox (5-8 March, 2016) and autumn equinox (12-15 October, 2016) is investigated using the total electron content (TEC) data derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers located in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest regions at northern hemisphere (Tripura University, Agartala, India) and southern hemisphere (Karratha, Australia). While in southern EIA station ionospheric responses for the two storms are found to be symmetric but in northern EIA station the responses are completely asymmetric. The observations are explained by the contribution of storm-time prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs), disturb dynamo electric fields (DDEFs), disturbed meridional (equatorward) winds as well as the neutral compositional changes over low latitudes. Patari, Arup; De, Barin; Guha, Anirban; Paul, Bapan; Published by: Journal of Physics: Conference Series Published on: 10/2019 YEAR: 2019 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1330/1/012004 |
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Equatorial and low latitude ionospheric response of the 8th September 2017 severe G4-class geomagnetic storm is investigated using the total electron content (TEC) data from a longitudinal chain of global positioning system (GPS) receivers over Asian, African and American sectors. During the main phase, a positive storm effect is observed over Asian sector, a complete negative storm effect over African sector and both are observed over American sector. A sharp increase in peak TEC is observed over the complete longitudinal chain during the recovery phase. The results show the decisive contribution of prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs) and disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEFs), storm time disturbed meridional (equatorward) wind as well as the neutral compositional changes over equatorial and low latitudes in the observed ionospheric storm effects. Paul, Bapan; Patari, Arup; De, Barin; Guha, Anirban; Published by: Journal of Physics: Conference Series Published on: 10/2019 YEAR: 2019 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1330/1/012005 |
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Wide-field auroral imager onboard the Fengyun satellite The newly launched Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) satellite carried a wide-field auroral imager (WAI) that was developed by Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CIOMP), which will provide a large field of view (FOV), high spatial resolution, and broadband ultraviolet images of the aurora and the ionosphere by imaging the N2 LBH bands of emissions. The WAI consists of two identical cameras, each with an FOV of 68\textdegree in the along-track direction and 10\textdegree in the cross-track direction. The two cameras are tilted relative to each other to cover a fan-shaped field of size 130\textdegree \texttimes 10\textdegree. Each camera consists of an unobstructed four-mirror anastigmatic optical system, a BaF2 filter, and a photon-counting imaging detector. The spatial resolution of WAI is ~10 km at the nadir point at a reference height of 110 km above the Earth\textquoterights surface. The sensitivity is \>0.01 counts s-1 Rayleigh-1 pixel-1 (140\textendash180 nm) for both cameras, which is sufficient for mapping the boundaries and the fine structures of the auroral oval during storms/substorms. Based on the tests and calibrations that were conducted prior to launch, the data processing algorithm includes photon signal decoding, geometric distortion correction, photometric correction, flat-field correction, line-of-sight projection and correction, and normalization between the two cameras. Preliminarily processed images are compared with DMSP SSUSI images. The agreement between the images that were captured by two instruments demonstrates that the WAI and the data processing algorithm operate normally and can provide high-quality scientific data for future studies on auroral dynamics. Zhang, Xiao-Xin; Chen, Bo; He, Fei; Song, Ke-Fei; He, Ling-Ping; Liu, Shi-Jie; Guo, Quan-Feng; Li, Jia-Wei; Wang, Xiao-Dong; Zhang, Hong-Ji; Wang, Hai-Feng; Han, Zhen-Wei; Sun, Liang; Zhang, Pei-Jie; Dai, Shuang; Ding, Guang-Xing; Chen, Li-Heng; Wang, Zhong-Su; Shi, Guang-Wei; Zhang, Xin; Yu, Chao; Yang, Zhong-Dong; Zhang, Peng; Wang, Jin-Song; Published by: Light: Science \& Applications Published on: 05/2019 YEAR: 2019 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0157-7 |
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Zhang, Yongguang; Joiner, Joanna; Guan, Kaiyu; Yang, Xi; Published by: Published on: |
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Paul, Bapan; Patari, Arup; De, Barin; Guha, Anirban; Published by: Published on: |
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The Low-Latitude Ionosphere/Thermosphere Enhancements in Density (LLITED) Mission Bishop, Rebecca; Walterscheid, Richard; Clemmons, James; Barjatya, Aroh; Gunter, Liam; Published by: Published on: |
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Planar Ion Probe for Low-Latitude Ionosphere/Thermosphere Enhancements in Density Cubesat Mission Published by: Published on: |
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Patari, Arup; De, Barin; Guha, Anirban; Paul, Bapan; Published by: Published on: |
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We present the monthly, seasonal and annual variation in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and \% occurrence rate of Equatorial plasma bubble (EPBs) during the lowest to Shetti, DJ; Gurav, OB; Seemla, Gopi; Published by: Astrophysics and Space Science Published on: YEAR: 2019 DOI: 10.1007/s10509-019-3643-8 |
| 2018 |
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The latitudinal ionospheric response of the three strongest geomagnetic storms of 2015 of the current solar cycle 24 during 16\textendash19 March 2015, 21\textendash24 June 2015 and 19\textendash22 December 2015 is investigated using the total electron content data derived from a latitudinal chain of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers extending from 70\textdegreeN to 70\textdegreeS. The storm time perturbations of the ionosphere during main and recovery phase is presented by the GPS derived vertical total electron content (VTEC) data which is further supported by ionospheric F region critical frequency (foF2) and F region peak height (hmF2) data. We observed symmetrical hemispheric response of the ionosphere during the strongest 17th March (St. Patrick\textquoterights Day) storm whereas asymmetrical hemispheric response of the ionosphere during 22nd June and 20th December storm over the Asian-Australian sector. The observations are explained by the combined transport of background inter-hemispheric seasonal wind and storm time disturbed meridional wind and by the global thermospheric compositional variation [O/N2] data. Paul, Bapan; De, Barin; Guha, Anirban; Published by: Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Published on: 12/2018 YEAR: 2018 DOI: 10.1007/s40328-018-0221-4 |
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Space Weather Events, Hurricanes, and Earthquakes in Mexico in September 2017 In the interval of 4\textendash10 September 2017, the Sun presented multiple solar flares from active region AR 2673. There were also coronal mass ejections that interacted with the Earth\textquoterights magnetosphere. This solar activity produced several space weather events. These events were observed with ground-based instruments of the Mexican Space Weather Service. The Mexican Array RadioTelescope detected highly perturbed solar transits associated with Type I radio emissions from active regions. The Compact Astronomical Low-frequency, Low-cost Instrument for Spectroscopy in Transportable Observatories-Mexican Array RadioTelescope station detected several radio bursts including a Type III associated with the X8.2 flare on 10 September. The magnetometer detected variations reaching a regional K index of 8.3 during the geomagnetic storm. The ionosphere over Mexico was disturbed by different space weather phenomena with the dominant effects of the geomagnetic storm. We used total electron content data to study latitudinal and longitudinal ionospheric effects in this interval. The cosmic rays monitor detected a Forbush decrease associated also with the geomagnetic storm. This low-latitude instrumental network in Mexico allowed estimating the regional response to space weather events. Coincidentally with the space weather events referred above, there were also two other types of natural hazards affecting the country at that moment, the hurricane Katia category 2 in the Gulf of Mexico, and two major earthquakes (7 and 19 September 2018). The conjunction of these natural phenomena were close to creating a worst-case scenario in terms of civil protection reaction. Gonzalez-Esparza, J.; Sergeeva, M.; Corona-Romero, P.; Mejia-Ambriz, J.; Gonzalez, L.; De la Luz, V.; Aguilar-Rodriguez, E.; Rodriguez, M.; andez, Romero-Hern\; Published by: Space Weather Published on: 12/2018 YEAR: 2018 DOI: 10.1029/2018SW001995 |
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Space Weather Events, Hurricanes, and Earthquakes in Mexico in September 2017 In the interval of 4\textendash10 September 2017, the Sun presented multiple solar flares from active region AR 2673. There were also coronal mass ejections that interacted with the Earth\textquoterights magnetosphere. This solar activity produced several space weather events. These events were observed with ground-based instruments of the Mexican Space Weather Service. The Mexican Array RadioTelescope detected highly perturbed solar transits associated with Type I radio emissions from active regions. The Compact Astronomical Low-frequency, Low-cost Instrument for Spectroscopy in Transportable Observatories-Mexican Array RadioTelescope station detected several radio bursts including a Type III associated with the X8.2 flare on 10 September. The magnetometer detected variations reaching a regional K index of 8.3 during the geomagnetic storm. The ionosphere over Mexico was disturbed by different space weather phenomena with the dominant effects of the geomagnetic storm. We used total electron content data to study latitudinal and longitudinal ionospheric effects in this interval. The cosmic rays monitor detected a Forbush decrease associated also with the geomagnetic storm. This low-latitude instrumental network in Mexico allowed estimating the regional response to space weather events. Coincidentally with the space weather events referred above, there were also two other types of natural hazards affecting the country at that moment, the hurricane Katia category 2 in the Gulf of Mexico, and two major earthquakes (7 and 19 September 2018). The conjunction of these natural phenomena were close to creating a worst-case scenario in terms of civil protection reaction. Gonzalez-Esparza, J.; Sergeeva, M.; Corona-Romero, P.; Mejia-Ambriz, J.; Gonzalez, L.; De la Luz, V.; Aguilar-Rodriguez, E.; Rodriguez, M.; andez, Romero-Hern\; Published by: Space Weather Published on: 12/2018 YEAR: 2018 DOI: 10.1029/2018SW001995 |
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Paul, A; Kascheyev, A; Rodriguez-Bouza, M; PATHAK, K; Ferreira, AA; Shetti, D; Yao, JN; Published by: Advances in Space Research Published on: |
| 2017 |
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Upadhayaya, Arun; Gupta, Sumedha; Kotnala, Ravinder; Published by: Published on: |
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MONITOR ionospheric network: two case studies on scintillation and electron content variability The ESA MONITOR network is composed of high-frequency-sampling global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers deployed mainly at low and high latitudes to study eniguel, Yannick; Cherniak, Iurii; Garcia-Rigo, Alberto; Hamel, Pierrick; andez-Pajares, Manuel; Kameni, Roland; Kashcheyev, Anton; Krankowski, Andrzej; Monnerat, Michel; Nava, Bruno; , others; Published by: Published on: YEAR: 2017 DOI: 10.5194/angeo-35-377-2017 |
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We have analyzed five major earthquake events measuring greater than 6 on Richter scale (M > 6) that occurred during the year 2015 to early 2016, affecting Indian region ionosphere Gupta, Sumedha; Upadhayaya, AK; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: YEAR: 2017 DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024192 |
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Gupta, Sumedha; Upadhayaya, Arun; Taori, Alok; Kotnala, Ravinder; Published by: Published on: |
| 2016 |
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The current study aims at investigating and identifying the ionospheric effects of the geomagnetic storm that occurred during 17\textendash19 March 2015. Incidentally, with SYM-H hitting a minimum of -232\ nT, this was the strongest storm of the current solar cycle 24. The study investigates how the storm has affected the equatorial, low-latitude, and midlatitude ionosphere in the American and the European sectors using available ground-based ionosonde and GPS TEC (total electron content) data. The possible effects of prompt electric field penetration is observed in both sectors during the main phase of the storm. In the American sector, the coexistence of both positive and negative ionospheric storm phases are observed at low latitudes and midlatitudes to high latitudes, respectively. The positive storm phase is mainly due to the prompt penetration electric fields. The negative storm phase in the midlatitude region is a combined effect of disturbance dynamo electric fields, the equatorward shift of the midlatitude density trough, and the equatorward compression of the plasmapause in combination with chemical compositional changes. Strong negative ionospheric storm phase is observed in both ionosonde and TEC observations during the recovery phase which also shows a strong hemispherical asymmetry. Additionally, the variation of equatorial ionization anomaly as seen through the SWARM constellation plasma measurements across different longitudes has been discussed. We, also, take a look at the performance of the IRI Real-Time Assimilative Mapping during this storm as an ionospheric space weather tool. Nayak, Chinmaya; Tsai, L.-C.; Su, S.-Y.; Galkin, I.; Tan, Adrian; Nofri, Ed; Jamjareegulgarn, Punyawi; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: 07/2016 YEAR: 2016 DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022489 |
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We studied the response of the ionosphere (F region) in the Brazilian sector during extreme space weather event of 17 March 2015 using a large network of 102 GPS- total electron content (TEC) stations. It is observed that the vertical total electron content (VTEC) was severely disturbed during the storm main and recovery phases. A wavelike oscillation with three peaks was observed in the TEC diurnal variation from equator to low latitudes during the storm main phase on 17\textendash18 March 2015. The latitudinal extent of the wavelike oscillation peaks decreased from the beginning of the main phase toward the recovery phase. The first peak extended from beyond 0\textdegreeS to 30\textdegreeS, the second occurred from 6\textdegreeS to 25\textdegreeS, whereas the third diurnal peaks was confined from 13\textdegreeS to 25\textdegreeS. In addition, a strong negative phase in VTEC variations was observed during the recovery phase on 18\textendash19 March 2015. This ionospheric negative phase was stronger at low latitudes than in the equatorial region. Also, two latitudinal chains of GPS-TEC stations from equatorial region to low latitudes in the east and west Brazilian sectors are used to investigate the storm time behavior of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in the east and west Brazilian sectors. We observed an anomalous behavior in EIA caused by the wavelike oscillations during the storm main phase on 17 March, and suppression of the EIA, resulting from the negative phase in VTEC, in the storm recovery phase. Fagundes, P.; Cardoso, F.; Fejer, B.; Venkatesh, K.; Ribeiro, B.; Pillat, V.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: 05/2016 YEAR: 2016 DOI: 10.1002/2015JA022214 |
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This paper presents a study of the St Patrick\textquoterights Day storm of 2015, with its ionospheric response at middle and low latitudes. The effects of the storm in each longitudinal sector (Asian, African, American, and Pacific) are characterized using global and regional electron content. At the beginning of the storm, one or two ionospheric positive storm effects are observed depending on the longitudinal zones. After the main phase of the storm, a strong decrease in ionization is observed at all longitudes, lasting several days. The American region exhibits the most remarkable increase in vertical total electron content (vTEC), while in the Asian sector, the largest decrease in vTEC is observed. At low latitudes, using spectral analysis, we were able to separate the effects of the prompt penetration of the magnetospheric convection electric field (PPEF) and of the disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) on the basis of ground magnetic data. Concerning the PPEF, Earth\textquoterights magnetic field oscillations occur simultaneously in the Asian, African, and American sectors, during southward magnetization of the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field. Concerning the DDEF, diurnal magnetic oscillations in the horizontal component H of the Earth\textquoterights magnetic field exhibit a behavior that is opposed to the regular one. These diurnal oscillations are recognized to last several days in all longitudinal sectors. The observational data obtained by all sensors used in the present paper can be interpreted on the basis of existing theoretical models. Nava, B.; iguez-Zuluaga, Rodr\; Alazo-Cuartas, K.; Kashcheyev, A.; e, Migoya-Oru\; Radicella, S.M.; Amory-Mazaudier, C.; Fleury, R.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: 03/2016 YEAR: 2016 DOI: 10.1002/2015JA022299 |
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F2 region response to geomagnetic disturbances across Indian latitudes: O (1S) dayglow emission during this storm is also examined by using the GUVI column O/N 2 ratio and is depicted in Figure 9. It is to be mentioned here that GUVI provides a global image, which is gathered Upadhayaya, AK; Gupta, Sumedha; Brahmanandam, PS; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: YEAR: 2016 DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021366 |
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Middle-and low-latitude ionosphere response to 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm Nava, B; iguez-Zuluaga, Rodr\; Alazo-Cuartas, K; Kashcheyev, A; e, Migoya-Oru\; Radicella, SM; Amory-Mazaudier, Christine; Fleury, Rolland; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: YEAR: 2016 DOI: 10.1002/2015JA022299 |
| 2015 |
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The response of the ionosphere to intense magnetic storms has been studied using total electron content (TEC). TEC data recorded by a series of GPS receivers at a longitude\~35\textdegreeE\ covering a wide range of latitudes (32\textdegreeS\ to\ 68\textdegreeN, geographic) is analyzed to study spatio-temporal modifications of the vertical TEC (vTEC) during storms on 07 and 09 March 2012 and on 14 July 2012. We have observed main phase positive response at equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests and mid latitude regions in all the storms. These main phase positive responses are associated with vertical drift enhancement (intensified equatorial electrojet (EEJ)) and the mechanical effect of equatorward neutral wind after an auroral activity. A daytime substantial depletion of TEC at low latitude region was observed on 08 March 2012. This is due to the combined effects of oversheilding and disturbance dynamo electric field that drive large downward drifts during the day. The low latitude and equatorial ionospheric response in the recovery phase days of March storm is found to be largely associated with the disturbance dynamo field that suppressed the upward\ E\texttimesB\ drift from EEJ observations. The summer negative and winter positive response in July storm as well as mid latitude positive response in March storm was associated with the composition changes as depicted by the\ O\ to\ N2\ ratio from GUVI measurements. Tesema, F.; Damtie, B.; Nigussie, M.; Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Published on: 12/2015 YEAR: 2015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.10.021 |
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The effect of geomagnetic storms on low latitude ionosphere has been investigated with the help of Global Positioning System Total Electron Content (GPS-TEC) data. The investigation has been done with the aid of TEC data from the Indian equatorial region, Port Blair (PBR) and equatorial ionization anomaly region, Agartala (AGR). During the geomagnetic storms on 24th April and 15th July 2012, significant enhancement up to 150\% and depression up to 72\% in VTEC is observed in comparison to the normal day variation. The variations in VTEC observed from equatorial to EIA latitudes during the storm period have been explained with the help of electro-dynamic effects (prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) and disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF)) as well as mechanical effects (storm-induced equatorward neutral wind effect and thermospheric composition changes). The current study points to the fact that the electro-dynamic effect of geomagnetic storms around EIA region is more effective than at the lower latitude region. Drastic difference has been observed over equatorial region (positive storm impact) and EIA region (negative storm impact) around same longitude sector, during storm period on 24th April. This drastic change as observed in GPS-TEC on 24th April has been further confirmed by using the O/N2\ ratio data from GUVI (Global Ultraviolet Imager) as well as VTEC map constructed from IGS data. The results presented in the paper are important for the application of satellite-based communication and navigational system. Chakraborty, Monti; Kumar, Sanjay; De, Barin; Guha, Anirban; Published by: Journal of Earth System Science Published on: 07/2015 YEAR: 2015 DOI: 10.1007/s12040-015-0588-3 geomagnetic storm; Ionospheric total electron content; low latitude ionosphere |
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Isolated proton auroras and Pc1/EMIC waves at subauroral latitudes GUVI offered a variety of auroral images from each spacecraft polar pass, using a mirror scanning transverse to the spacecraft ground track. The N2 long Lyman− Birge− Hopfield (LBHS Sakaguchi, Kaori; Shiokawa, Kazuo; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Connors, Martin; Published by: Auroral dynamics and space weather Published on: |
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Zhang, Qian; Guan, Zhaoyong; Li, Minggang; Published by: Published on: |
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Bernhardt, Paul; Siefring, Carl; Gatling, George; , Briczinski; Vierinen, Juha; Bhatt, Asti; Holzworth, Robert; McCarthy, Michael; Gustavsson, Björn; La Hoz, Cesar; , others; Published by: Published on: |
| 2014 |
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The present work describes the low-latitude ionospheric variability during an unusually prolonged (~33 h) geomagnetically disturbed condition that prevailed during 15\textendash16 July 2012. The low-latitude electron density in summer hemisphere, investigated using ground- and satellite-based observations, responded to this by generating strong negative ionospheric storm on 16 July. The maximum electron density on 16 July over Indian low latitudes was reduced by more than 50\% compared to that on a geomagnetically quiet day (14 July 2012). In contrast to the extreme reduction in total electron content (TEC) in the Northern Hemisphere, TEC from a winter hemispheric station revealed substantial (~23 total electron content unit, 1 TECU = 1016 el m-2) enhancements on the same day. This contrasting hemispherical response in TEC is suggested to be due to the combined effects of strong interhemispheric and solar-driven day-night winds. Further, very weak equatorial electrojet (EEJ) strength on 16 July indicated that the westward electric field perturbations in the low-latitude ionosphere were possibly due to the disturbance dynamo effect associated with meridional circulation from polar to equatorial latitudes. Interestingly, despite reduction in the integrated EEJ strength on 15 July, the low-latitude electron density showed substantial enhancement, highlighting the significant effect of the positive ionospheric storm on the low-latitude ionosphere. The roles of electrodynamical/neutral-dynamical and compositional disturbances are discussed in view of these observations to understand low-latitude ionospheric response when geomagnetic disturbance persists for longer duration. Bagiya, Mala; Hazarika, Rumajyoti; Laskar, Fazlul; Sunda, Surendra; Gurubaran, S.; Chakrabarty, D.; Bhuyan, P.; Sridharan, R.; Veenadhari, B.; Pallamraju, D.; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on: 07/2014 YEAR: 2014 DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020156 low-latitude ionosphere; neutral winds; prolonged southward IMF Bz; thermospheric neutral composition |
| 2013 |
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On the fast zonal transport of the STS-121 space shuttle exhaust plume in the lower thermosphere Meier et al. (2011) reported rapid eastward transport of the STS-121 space shuttle (launch: July 4, 2006) main engine plume in the lower thermosphere, observed in hydrogen Lyman α images by the GUVI instrument onboard the TIMED satellite. In order to study the mechanism of the rapid zonal transport, diagnostic tracer calculations are performed using winds from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME-GCM) simulation of July, 2006. It is found that the strong eastward jet at heights of 100\textendash110\ km, where the exhaust plume was deposited, results in a persistent eastward tracer motion with an average velocity of 45\ m/s. This is generally consistent with, though faster than, the prevailing eastward shuttle plume movement with daily mean velocity of 30\ m/s deduced from the STS-121 GUVI observation. The quasi-two-day wave (QTDW) was not included in the numerical simulation because it was found not to be large. Its absence, however, might be partially responsible for insufficient meridional transport to move the tracers away from the fast jet in the simulation. The current study and our model results from Yue and Liu (2010) explain two very different shuttle plume transport scenarios (STS-121 and STS-107 (launch: January 16, 2003), respectively): we conclude that lower thermospheric dynamics is sufficient to account for both very fast zonal motion (zonal jet in the case of STS-121) and very fast meridional motion to polar regions (large QTDW in the case of STS-107). Yue, Jia; Liu, Han-Li; Meier, R.R.; Chang, Loren; Gu, Sheng-Yang; , Russell; Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Published on: Jan-03-2013 YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.12.017 |
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The equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) development is studied using the total electron content (TEC) observed by the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2) as measured by digisondes operated in the Brazilian sector, and by model simulation using the SUPIM (Sheffield University Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model). We have used two indices based on foF2 and TEC to represent the strength of the EIA Southern Anomaly Crest (SAC), which are denoted, respectively, by SAC(foF2) and SAC(TEC). Significant differences in the local time variations of the EIA intensity, as represented by these two indices, are investigated. The observed SAC indices are compared with their values modeled by the SUPIM and also by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)\textemdash2012. The SUPIM simulations that use the standard E\texttimesB plasma drift and neutral air wind models are found to provide acceptable representations of the observed foF2 and TEC, and hence the indices SAC(foF2) and SAC(TEC) during daytime, whereas the IRI-2012 model is not, except during the post-midnight/sunrise hours. It is found that the differences in the local time variations between the SAC(foF2) and SAC(TEC) can be reduced by limiting the TEC integrations in height up to an altitude of 630\ km in the SUPIM calculations. It is also found that when the EIA intensity is calculated for an intermediate dip latitude (12\textdegreeS) the difference between the local time variation patterns of the two corresponding indices in the experimental data and in the SUPIM results is reduced. For the IRI-2012 values, the subequatorial station modification does not appear to have any effect. Nogueira, P.A.B.; Abdu, M.A.; Souza, J.R.; Batista, I.S.; Bailey, G.J.; Santos, A.M.; Takahashi, H.; Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Published on: 11/2013 YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2013.08.013 |
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Determination of the Ionospheric Electron Density Profile from FUV Remote Sensing Measurements A limb viewing model is established in this paper based on GUVI measurements of OI 135.6 nm nightglow and a method with Chapman function describing the distribution of ionospheric electron density is presented to obtain the ionospheric electron density profile. We apply the regularization and Newton iteration method to calculate ionospheric peak electron density and peak height with GUVI measurements, eliminating the ill condition of the weighted matrix. The ionospheric electron density profile is obtained using the calculated peak electron density and peak height as inputs. To evaluate the fidelity of the proposed algorithm in this paper, the retrieved electron density profiles are compared with those from ground-based observations. The results show that the retrieved electron density profiles agree well with those from ISR. Afterwards, the effects of magnetic storms on EDP are studied with the retrieved EDPs of the period between Sep 29 and Oct 3, 2002. Jing, Wang; Yi, TANG; Zhi-Ge, ZHANG; Xu-Li, ZHENG; Guo-Qiang, NI; Published by: Chinese Journal of Geophysics Published on: 03/2013 YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.1002/cjg2.20011 Electron density profile; Far ultraviolet spectrum remote sensing; GUVI; Ionosphere |
| 2012 |
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Global observations of E region plasma density morphology and variability Nicolls, Michael; Rodrigues, Fabiano; Bust, Gary; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research Published on: Jan-01-2012 YEAR: 2012 DOI: 10.1029/2011JA017069 |