Bibliography

Critical issues in ionospheric data quality and implications for scientific studies

Araujo-Pradere, E; Weatherhead, EC; Dandenault, PB; Bilitza, D; Wilkinson, P; Coker, C; Akmaev, R; Beig, G; a, Bure\^sov\; Paxton, LJ; , others;

Published by: Radio Science      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Satellite FUV remote sensing and its impact to ionospheric modeling

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Bilitza, Dieter;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2016     DOI:

The international reference ionosphere--status 2013

This paper describes the latest version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model. IRI-2012 includes new models for the electron density and ion densities in the region below the F-peak, a storm-time model for the auroral E-region, an improved electron temperature model that includes variations with solar activity, and for the first time a description of auroral boundaries. In addition, the thermosphere model required for baseline neutral densities and temperatures was upgraded from MSIS-86 to the newer NRLMSIS-00 model and Corrected Geomagnetic coordinates (CGM) were included in IRI as an additional coordinate system for a better representation of auroral and polar latitudes. Ongoing IRI activities towards the inclusion of an improved model for the F2 peak height hmF2 are discussed as are efforts to develop a \textquotedblleftReal-Time IRI\textquotedblright. The paper is based on an IRI status report presented at the 2013 IRI Workshop in Olsztyn, Poland. The IRI homepage is at\ IRImodel.org.

Bilitza, Dieter;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on: 04/2015

YEAR: 2015     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.07.032

Forecast; Ionosphere; IRI; Real-Time; space weather

Community-wide model validation study for systematic assessment of ionosphere models

Shim, Ja; Kuznetsova, Maria; Rastaetter, Lutz; Bilitza, Dieter; Bingham, Suzy; Bust, Gary; Calfas, Roy; Codrescu, Mihail; Coster, Anthea; Crowley, Geoff; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2015     DOI:

The International Reference Ionosphere: Rawer\textquoterights IRI and its status today

When the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) initiated the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) project in 1968 it wisely selected K. Rawer as its first Chairperson. With a solid footing and good contacts in both the ground-based and space-based ionospheric communities he was ideally suited to pull together colleagues and data from both communities to help build the first version of the IRI. He assembled a team of 20+ international ionospheric experts in the IRI Working Group and chaired and directed the group from 1968 to 1984. The working group has now grown to 63 members and the IRI model has undergone many revisions as new data became available and new modeling techniques were applied. This paper was presented during a special session of the Kleinheubach Tagung 2013 in honor of K. Rawer\textquoterights 100th birthday. It will review the current status of the IRI model and project and the international recognition it has achieved. It is quite fitting that this year we not only celebrate K. Rawer\textquoterights 100th birthday but also the exciting news that his favorite science endeavor, IRI, has been internationally recognized as an ISO (International Standardization Organization) standard. The IRI homepage is at http://irimodel.org
\ 

Bilitza, D.;

Published by: Advances in Radio Science      Published on: 01/2014

YEAR: 2014     DOI: 10.5194/ars-12-231-2014

IRI

The International Reference Ionosphere: Rawer s IRI and its status today

When the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) initiated the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) project in 1968 it wisely selected K. Rawer as its first Chairperson. With a solid footing and good contacts in both the ground-based and space-based ionospheric communities he was ideally suited to pull together colleagues and data from both communities to help build the first version of the IRI. He assembled a team of 20+ international ionospheric experts in the IRI Working Group and chaired and directed the group from 1968 to 1984. The working group has now grown to 63 members and the IRI model has undergone many revisions as new data became available and new modeling techniques were applied.

Bilitza, D;

Published by: Advances in Radio Science      Published on:

YEAR: 2014     DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-12-231-2014

Near real-time global auroral observations and their application to IRI

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Bilitza, Dieter;

Published by: 40th COSPAR Scientific Assembly      Published on:

YEAR: 2014     DOI:

The International Reference Ionosphere 2012--a model of international collaboration

Bilitza, Dieter; Altadill, David; Zhang, Yongliang; Mertens, Chris; Truhlik, Vladimir; Richards, Phil; McKinnell, Lee-Anne; Reinisch, Bodo;

Published by: Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate      Published on:

YEAR: 2014     DOI:

Empirical STORM-E model: II. Geomagnetic corrections to nighttime ionospheric E-region electron densities

Auroral nighttime infrared emission observed by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere\textendashIonosphere\textendashMesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite is used to develop an empirical model of geomagnetic storm enhancements to E-region electron densities. The empirical model is called STORM-E and will be incorporated into the 2012 release of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). The proxy for characterizing the E-region response to geomagnetic forcing is NO⁺(v) Volume Emission Rates (VER) derived from the TIMED/SABER 4.3\ μm channel limb radiance measurements. The storm-time response of the NO⁺(v) 4.3\ μm VER is most sensitive to auroral particle precipitation. A statistical database of storm-time to climatological quiet-time ratios of SABER-observed NO⁺(v) 4.3\ μm VER are fit to widely available geomagnetic indices using the theoretical framework of linear impulse-response theory. The STORM-E model provides a dynamic storm-time correction factor to adjust a known nighttime quiescent E-region electron density peak concentration for geomagnetic enhancements due to auroral particle precipitation. Part I of this series gives a detailed description of the algorithms and methodologies used to derive NO⁺(v) VER from SABER 4.3\ μm limb emission measurements. In this paper, Part II of the series, the development of the E-region electron density storm-time correction factor is described. The STORM-E storm-time correction factor is fit to a single geomagnetic index. There are four versions of the STORM-E model, which are currently independent of magnetic local time. Each version is fit to one of the following indices: HP, AE, Ap, or Dst. High-latitude Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) E-region electron density measurements are compared to STORM-E predictions for various geomagnetic storm periods during solar cycle 23. These comparisons show that STORM-E significantly improves the prediction of E-region electron density enhancements due to auroral particle precipitation, in comparison to the nominal IRI model or to the quiet-time baseline electron density concentrations measured by ISR. The STORM-E/ISR comparisons indicate that the STORM-E fits to the Ap-, AE-, and HP-indices are comparable in both absolute accuracy and relative dynamical response. Contrarily, the Dst-index does not appear to be a suitable input driver to parameterize the E-region electron density response to geomagnetic activity.

Mertens, Christopher; Xu, Xiaojing; Bilitza, Dieter; Mlynczak, Martin; Russell, James;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on: 02/2013

YEAR: 2013     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2012.09.014

AURORA; Auroral particle precipitation; E-region; Infrared remote sensing; Ionosphere; Magnetic storm; TIMED

The quiet nighttime low-latitude ionosphere as observed by TIMED/GUVI

In this paper, we examine the nighttime ionosphere climatology structure in the low latitude region and discrepancies between Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) observations and the IRI model predictions using (1) the magnetic zonal mean of electron number density as a function of altitude and magnetic latitude, (2) vertical electron density profiles at various levels of F10.7 index, (3) nighttime descent and magnitude decrease of the ionosphere, (4) point-to-point comparisons of F-peak height (hmF2) and density (NmF2), and (5) the magnetic longitudinal variations of hmF2 and NmF2. The data collected from the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) mission since its launch in December 2001 have provided great opportunities for many scientific investigations of the ionosphere. In this analysis, we investigate the climatology of the nighttime low-latitude ionosphere under low geomagnetic activity (kp\ ⩽\ 4) using the electron density profiles inferred from the airglow measurements obtained by the GUVI aboard the TIMED spacecraft and compared with the results obtained from IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model-2001. The observed climatology is an essential tool for further understanding the electrodynamics in the low-latitude region and improving the model\textquoterights prediction capability. The time range of the GUVI data used in this study is from 2002 (day 053) to 2006 (day 304), and the IRI model predictions were produced at every GUVI location. The ionosphere observed is generally of greater density than what IRI predicts throughout the night for all four seasons for low and moderate solar activity while the model over-predicts the electron density near the F-region peak at high solar activity before midnight. Observations show that the height of the F-region peak has a steep descent from dusk to midnight and near midnight the height of layer is insensitive to solar conditions, significantly different than what is predicted by IRI. Longitudinal features shown in GUVI data are present in the low-latitude ionosphere after sunset and continue through to midnight after which the low-latitude ionosphere is largely zonally symmetric.

Talaat, E.R.; Yee, J.-H.; Hsieh, S.-Y.; Paxton, L.J.; DeMajistre, R.; Christensen, A.B.; Bilitza, D.;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on: 02/2013

YEAR: 2013     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2012.11.012

Electron density; GUVI; Ionosphere; IRI; TIMED

Empirical STORM-E model: I. Theoretical and observational basis

Auroral nighttime infrared emission observed by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite is used to develop an empirical model of geomagnetic storm enhancements to E-region peak electron densities. The empirical model is called STORM-E and will be incorporated into the 2012 release of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). The proxy for characterizing the E-region response to geomagnetic forcing is NO+(v) volume emission rates (VER) derived from the TIMED/SABER 4.3μm channel limb radiance measurements. The storm-time response of the NO+(v) 4.3μm VER is sensitive to auroral particle precipitation. A statistical database of storm-time to climatological quiet-time ratios of SABER-observed NO+(v) 4.3μm VER are fit to widely available geomagnetic indices using the theoretical framework of linear impulse-response theory. The STORM-E model provides a dynamic storm-time correction factor to adjust a known quiescent E-region electron density peak concentration for geomagnetic enhancements due to auroral particle precipitation. Part II of this series describes the explicit development of the empirical storm-time correction factor for E-region peak electron densities, and shows comparisons of E-region electron densities between STORM-E predictions and incoherent scatter radar measurements. In this paper, Part I of the series, the efficacy of using SABER-derived NO+(v) VER as a proxy for the E-region response to solar-geomagnetic disturbances is presented. Furthermore, a detailed description of the algorithms and methodologies used to derive NO+(v) VER from SABER 4.3μm limb emission measurements is given. Finally, an assessment of key uncertainties in retrieving NO+(v) VER is presented.

Mertens, Christopher; Xu, Xiaojing; Bilitza, Dieter; Mlynczak, Martin; Russell, James;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2013     DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2012.09.009

Auroral particle precipitation; Ionosphere; E-region; Magnetic storm; Infrared remote sensing; SABER

Towards ISO standard earth ionosphere and plasmasphere model

Space exploration has been identified by several governments as a priority for their space agencies and commercial industry. A good knowledge and specification of the

Gulyaeva, TL; Bilitza, Dieter;

Published by: New developments in the standard model      Published on:

YEAR: 2012     DOI:

The international reference ionosphere today and in the future

The international reference ionosphere (IRI) is the internationally recognized and recommended standard for the specification of plasma parameters in Earth’s ionosphere. It describes

Bilitza, Dieter; McKinnell, Lee-Anne; Reinisch, Bodo; Fuller-Rowell, Tim;

Published by: Journal of Geodesy      Published on:

YEAR: 2011     DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-010-0427-x

Near real-time assimilation in IRI of auroral peak E-region density and equatorward boundary

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, L.; Bilitza, Dieter; Doe, Rick;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on: Jan-10-2010

YEAR: 2010     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2010.06.029

Assimilation of auroral peak E-region density and equatorward boundary in IRI

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Bilitza, Dieter;

Published by: 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly      Published on:

YEAR: 2010     DOI:

Putting Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) Services to Good Use

Candey, RM; Bilitza, D; Chimiak, R; Cooper, JF; Garcia, LN; Harris, B; Johnson, RC; King, JH; Kovalick, T; Leckner, H; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI:

Modeling auroral E-region parameters for IRI: A new assimilative capability for IRI

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Bilitza, Dieter;

Published by: 37th COSPAR Scientific Assembly      Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

Leveraging Capabilities in the Community: CDAWeb Data and Services within VITMO

Bilitza, D; Barnes, R; Candey, R; Harris, B; Holder, R; Immer, E; McGuire, R; Morrison, D; Patrone, D; Potter, M; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

Comparison of ionospheric measurements made by digisondes with those inferred from ultraviolet airglow

DeMajistre, R.; Paxton, L.; Bilitza, D.;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on: Jan-01-2007

YEAR: 2007     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2006.09.037

The low-latitude ionosphere as observed by TIMED/GUVI and TOPEX/Jason and comparisons with the IRI model

Hsieh, SW; Talaat, ER; Bilitza, D; DeMajistre, R; Paxton, L; Christensen, A; Yee, J;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2007     DOI:

Analyses of solar activity effects on the low-latitude ionosphere

Wolven, BC; Talaat, ER; Yee, J; DeMajistre, R; Paxton, LJ; Christensen, A; Sotirelis, T; Smith, DC; Bilitza, D; Azeem, I;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

The effects of solar activity on the low-latitude ionosphere as observed from space

Talaat, ER; Yee, J-H; DeMajistre, R; Paxton, LJ; Christensen, A; Sotirelis, T; Smith, DC; Bilitza, D;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

Comparisons of Electron Density Profiles Derived From TIMED/GUVI Data With Ionosonde Measurements.

DeMajistre, R; Paxton, LJ; Bilitza, D;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

TIMED Science With the Space Physics Data Facility s (SPDF) Data and Models Services

Bilitza, D; McGuire, RE; Kovalick, T; Candey, RM; Leckner, H;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI: