Bibliography

Retrospect and prospect of ionospheric weather observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2

FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) constellation of six micro-satellites was launched into the circular low-earth orbit at 800 km altitude with a 72-degree inclination angle on 15 April 2006

Liu, Tiger; Lin, Charles; Lin, Chi-Yen; Lee, I-Te; Sun, Yang-Yi; Chen, Shih-Ping; Chang, Fu-Yuan; Rajesh, Panthalingal; Hsu, Chih-Ting; Matsuo, Tomoko; , others;

Published by: Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences      Published on:

YEAR: 2022     DOI: 10.1007/s44195-022-00019-x

Material flux from the rings of Saturn into its atmosphere

Perry, ME; , Waite; Mitchell, DG; Miller, KE; Cravens, TE; Perryman, RS; Moore, L; Yelle, RV; Hsu, H-W; Hedman, MM; , others;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Ionospheric data assimilation with thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model and GPS-TEC during geomagnetic storm conditions

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of rapid assimilation-forecast cycling on the performance of ionospheric data assimilation during geomagnetic storm conditions. An ensemble Kalman filter software developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), called Data Assimilation Research Testbed, is applied to assimilate ground-based GPS total electron content (TEC) observations into a theoretical numerical model of the thermosphere and ionosphere (NCAR thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model) during the 26 September 2011 geomagnetic storm period. Effects of various assimilation-forecast cycle lengths: 60, 30, and 10 min on the ionospheric forecast are examined by using the global root-mean-squared observation-minus-forecast (OmF) TEC residuals. Substantial reduction in the global OmF for the 10 min assimilation-forecast cycling suggests that a rapid cycling ionospheric data assimilation system can greatly improve the quality of the model forecast during geomagnetic storm conditions. Furthermore, updating the thermospheric state variables in the coupled thermosphere-ionosphere forecast model in the assimilation step is an important factor in improving the trajectory of model forecasting. The shorter assimilation-forecast cycling (10 min in this paper) helps to restrain unrealistic model error growth during the forecast step due to the imbalance among model state variables resulting from an inadequate state update, which in turn leads to a greater forecast accuracy.

Chen, C.; Lin, C.; Matsuo, T.; Chen, W.; Lee, I.; Liu, J; Lin, J.; Hsu, C.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 05/2016

YEAR: 2016     DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021787

Effects of the Equatorial Ionosphere Anomaly on the Inter-Hemispheric Circulation in the Thermosphere

We investigate the interhemispheric circulation at the solstices, in order to understand why O/N₂\ is larger in the northern hemisphere winter than in the southern hemisphere winter. Our studies reveal that the equatorial ionosphere anomaly (EIA) significantly impacts the summer-to-winter wind through plasma-neutral collisional heating, which changes the summer-to-winter pressure gradient, and ion drag. Consequently, the wind is suppressed in the summer hemisphere as it encounters the EIA but accelerates after it passes the EIA in the winter hemisphere. The wind then converges due to an opposing pressure gradient driven by Joule heating in auroral regions and produces large O/N₂\ at subauroral latitudes. This EIA effect is stronger near the December solstice than near the June solstice because the ionospheric annual asymmetry creates greater meridional wind convergence near the December solstice, which in turn produces larger O/N₂\ in the northern hemisphere winter than in the southern hemisphere winter.

Qian, Liying; Burns, Alan; Wang, Wenbin; Solomon, Stanley; Zhang, Yongliang; Hsu, V.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 02/2016

YEAR: 2016     DOI: 10.1002/2015JA022169

Equatorial ionization anomaly; interhemispheric circulation; ionosphere winter anomaly; plasma-neutral collisional heating; thermosphere composition; vertical advection

Ionospheric electron content and NmF2 from nighttime OI 135.6 nm intensity

Rajesh, P.; Liu, J; Hsu, M.; Lin, C.; Oyama, K.; Paxton, L.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research      Published on: Jan-01-2011

YEAR: 2011     DOI: 10.1029/2010JA015686

The O I 135.6 nm airglow observations of the midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly by TIMED/GUVI

Hsu, M.; Lin, C.; Hsu, R.; Liu, J; Paxton, L.; Su, H.; Tsai, H.; Rajesh, P.; Chen, C.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research      Published on: Jan-01-2011

YEAR: 2011     DOI: 10.1029/2010JA016150

The O I 135.6 nm airglow observations of the midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly by TIMED/GUVI

Hsu, M.; Lin, C.; Hsu, R.; Liu, J; Paxton, L.; Su, H.; Tsai, H.; Rajesh, P.; Chen, C.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research      Published on: Jan-01-2011

YEAR: 2011     DOI: 10.1029/2010JA016150

The OI 135.6 nm airglow observations of the midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly by TIMED/GUVI

Hsu, ML; Lin, CH; Hsu, RR; Liu, JY; Paxton, LJ; Su, HT; Tsai, HF; Rajesh, PK; Chen, CH;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2011     DOI:

The OI 135.6 nm airglow observations of the midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly by TIMED/GUVI

Hsu, ML; Lin, CH; Hsu, RR; Liu, JY; Paxton, LJ; Su, HT; Tsai, HF; Rajesh, PK; Chen, CH;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2011     DOI:

The Ionospheric Mid-Latitude Summer Nighttime Anomaly

This paper presents monthly variations of the mid-latitude summer nighttime anomaly (MSNA) of the ionosphere for the first time by using global observations of the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C), NASA TIMED-GUVI, ground-based radars and GPS receiver network. The MSNA is characterized by greater nighttime (19:00 LT - 24:00 LT, or period of larger solar zenith angles) ionospheric electron density than that during daytime (08:00 - 18:00 LT, or period of smaller solar zenith angles) at middle latitudes during solstices. The anomaly shown in the southern hemisphere during December solstice was previously known as the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) occurring around the Antarctica and the nearby Pacific Ocean, while a WSA-like electron density structure also occurs in the northern hemisphere around June solstice. This study demonstrates that the anomalies occurred in both the northern and southern hemispheres share similar character of greater nighttime density. Moreover, the latitude-altitude cross-section plots of the electron density structure show very similar time-varying electron density evolutions of the MSNA. In both hemispheres, the anomalies with similar electron density characteristics and variations caused by the similar mechanism prompts us to name this phenomenon the mid-latitude summer nighttime anomaly.

Lin, C; Chen, C; Hsu, M; Liu, CH; Liu, JG; Burns, AG; Wang, W;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI:

Ionospheric Electron Density Concurrently Derived by TIP and GOX of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC.

The tiny ion o spheric pho tom e ter (TIP) and GPS occultation ex per i ment (GOX) onboard FORMOSAT-3/COS MIC (F3/C) are em ployed to mea sure the OI 135.6 nm in ten si ties in

Hsu, Mei-Lan; Rajesh, Panthalingal; Liu, Jann-Yenq; Tsai, Lung-Chih; Tsai, Ho-Fang; Lin, Chien-Hung; Dymond, Kenneth; Coker, Clayton; Chua, Damien; Budzien, Scott; , others;

Published by: Terrestrial, Atmospheric \& Oceanic Sciences      Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2008.04.24.02(F3C)

Global Ionospheric Structure Imaged by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC: Early Results.

A new era of study ing the ion o spheric space weather ef fects has come af ter launch of the in no va tive sat el lite con stel la tion, named as Formosa Sat el lite 3 or Con stel la tion Ob

Lin, Chien-Hung; Liu, Jann-Yenq; Hsiao, Chun-Chieh; Liu, Chao-Han; Cheng, Chio-Zong; Chang, Po-Ya; Tsai, Ho-Fang; Fang, Tzu-Wei; Chen, Chia-Hung; Hsu, Mei-Lan;

Published by: Terrestrial, Atmospheric \& Oceanic Sciences      Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI:

The OI 135.6 nm Observations of the Weddell Sea Anomaly and the Nighttime Mid-Latitude Enhancement

Hsu, M; Liu, J; Lin, C; Tsai, H; Rajesh, P; Paxton, L; Hsu, R; Su, H;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

The OI 135.6 nm Observations of the Weddell Sea Anomaly and the Nighttime Mid-Latitude Enhancement

Hsu, M; Liu, J; Lin, C; Tsai, H; Rajesh, P; Paxton, L; Hsu, R; Su, H;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

Plausible effect of atmospheric tides on the equatorial ionosphere observed by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC: Three-dimensional electron density structures

Lin, C.; Wang, W.; Hagan, M.; Hsiao, C.; Immel, T.; Hsu, M.; Liu, J; Paxton, L.; Fang, T.; Liu, C.;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on: Jan-01-2007

YEAR: 2007     DOI: 10.1029/2007GL029265

The relationship between TIMED/GUVI and Global GPS-TEC measurements in the equatorial ionization anomaly region

Hsu, M; Liu, J; Lin, C; Tsai, H; Paxton, L; Rajesh, P;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

The relationship between TIMED/GUVI and Global GPS-TEC measurements in the equatorial ionization anomaly region

Hsu, M; Liu, J; Lin, C; Tsai, H;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI: