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Found 14 entries in the Bibliography.

Showing entries from 1 through 14

2022

Validation of in-situ ionospheric density using FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 IVM and ICON IVM

We investigate the validation of in-situ ion density measurements by the ion velocity meter (IVM) onboard F7/C2 and ICON, respectively, during the solar minimum condition of

Choi, Jong-Min; Lin, Charles; Rajesh, PK; Park, Jaeheung; Kwak, Young-Sil; Chen, Shih-Ping; Lin, Jia-Ting;

Published by: Published on:

YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1758637/v1

Coordinated Observations of Rocket Exhaust Depletion: GOLD, Madrigal TEC, and Multiple Low-Earth-Orbit Satellites

A plasma density hole was created in the ionosphere by a rocket launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida near local sunset on 30 August 2020, which is called rocket exhaust depletion (RED). The hole persisted for several hours into the night and was observed in total electron content (TEC) maps, the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) imager, and multiple low-earth-orbit satellites. The RED created a nightglow pit in the GOLD 135.6 nm image. Swarm satellites found that the RED exhibited insignificant changes in electron/ion temperature and field-aligned currents. On the other hand, magnetic field strength was enhanced inside the RED by a few tenths of a nanotesla. Assimilation data products of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) mission reveal that ionospheric slab thickness increased at the center of the RED, which is supported by combined analyses of the GOLD and TEC data. The RED did not host conspicuous substructures that are stronger and longer-lasting than the ambient plasma did.

Park, Jaeheung; Rajesh, P.; Ivarsen, Magnus; Lin, Charles; Eastes, Richard; Chao, Chi; Coster, Anthea; Clausen, Lasse; Burchill, Johnathan;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029909

GOLD; Madrigal TEC; COSMIC-2; Norsat-1; rocket exhaust depletion; swarm

Retrospect and prospect of ionospheric weather observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2

FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) constellation of six micro-satellites was launched into the circular low-earth orbit at 800 km altitude with a 72-degree inclination angle on 15 April 2006

Liu, Tiger; Lin, Charles; Lin, Chi-Yen; Lee, I-Te; Sun, Yang-Yi; Chen, Shih-Ping; Chang, Fu-Yuan; Rajesh, Panthalingal; Hsu, Chih-Ting; Matsuo, Tomoko; , others;

Published by: Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Published on:

YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.1007/s44195-022-00019-x

2021

Near Real-Time Global Plasma Irregularity Monitoring by FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2

This study presents initial results of the ionospheric scintillation in the F layer using the S4 index derived from the radio occultation experiment (RO-S4) on FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2). With the sufficiently dense RO-S4 observations at low latitudes, it is possible to construct hourly, global scintillation maps to monitor equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). The preliminary F7/C2 RO-S4 during August 2019 to April 2020 show clear scintillation distributions around American and the Atlantic Ocean longitudes. The RO-S4 near Jicamarca are compared with range-time-intensity (RTI) maps of the 50 MHz radar, and the results show that the occurrence of intense RO-S4 in the range 0.125–0.5 are co-located with the bottomside of the spread-F patterns. Increases in RO-S4 at the upward phase of bottom-side oscillations is theoretically consistent with large-scale wave seeding of the EPBs. The locations and occurrences of the RO-S4 greater than 0.5 are consistent with airglows depletions from the NASA GOLD mission. Climatology analyses show that monthly occurrences of RO-S4 \textgreater 0.5 agree well with the monthly EPB occurrences in GOLD 135.6 nm image, and show a similar longitudinal distribution to that of DMSP and C/NOFS in-situ measurements. The results suggest that the RO-S4 intensities can be utilized to identify EPBs of specific scales.

Chen, Shih-Ping; Lin, Charles; Rajesh, Panthalingal; Liu, Jann-Yenq; Eastes, Richard; Chou, Min-Yang; Choi, Jong-Min;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028339

equatorial plasma bubbles; FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2; global observation of limb and disk; GNSS scintillation; radio occultation; S4 index

Extreme Positive Ionosphere Storm Triggered by a Minor Magnetic Storm in Deep Solar Minimum Revealed by FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 and GNSS Observations

This study examines an unexpected and extreme positive ionospheric response to a minor magnetic storm on August 5, 2019 by using global ionosphere specification (GIS) 3D electron density profiles obtained by assimilating radio occultation total electron content (TEC) measurements of the recently launched FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 satellites, and ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) TEC. The results reveal ∼300\% enhancement of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests, appearing over 200–300 km altitudes, and a much intense localized density enhancement over the European sector. These are the most intense ionospheric response that has ever been detected for a small magnetic storm with Dst ∼ −53 nT (SYM-H ∼ −64 nT). The enhancements are validated by using global ionosphere map (GIM) TEC and ground-based GNSS TEC. The GIS vertical electron density structures during the storm are examined to understand the physical processes giving rise to such an intense ionosphere response during deep solar minimum conditions when the background electron density is very low. Altitude variations and poleward shifts of the locations of the EIA crests indicate that prompt penetration electric fields (PPEF) play an important role in producing the observed positive storm responses, with the storm-induced equatorward circulation supporting the plasma accumulation against recombination losses. Additional physical mechanisms are required to fully explain the unexpected electron density enhancements for this minor storm event.

Rajesh, P.; Lin, C.; . Y. Lin, C; Chen, C.; . Y. Liu, J; Matsuo, T.; Chen, S.; Yeh, W.; . Y. Huang, C;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028261

FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2; Global Ionospheric Specification; ionospheric data assimilation; ionospheric response to magnetic storm; magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; minor magnetic storm

Implication of Tidal Forcing Effects on the Zonal Variation of Solstice Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are plasma depletions that can occur in the nighttime ionospheric F region, causing scintillation in satellite navigation and communications signals. Past research has shown that EPB occurrence rates are higher during the equinoxes in most longitude zones. An exception is over the central Pacific and African sectors, where EPB activity has been found to maximize during solstice. Tsunoda et al. (2015) hypothesized that the solstice maxima in these two sectors could be driven by a zonal wavenumber 2 atmospheric tide in the lower thermosphere. In this study, we utilize satellite observations to examine evidence of such a wave-2 feature preconditioning the nighttime ionosphere to favor higher EPB growth rates over these two regions. We find the postsunset total electron content (TEC) observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) during boreal summer from 2007 to 2012 exhibits a wave-2 zonal distribution, consistent with elevated vertical plasma gradients favorable for EPB formation. Numerical experiments are also carried out to determine whether such an ionospheric wave-2 can be produced as a result of vertical coupling from atmospheric tides with zonal wavenumber 2 in the local time frame. We find that forcing from these tidal components produced increases in the Rayleigh-Taylor growth rate over both sectors during solar maximum and minimum, as well as wave-2 modulations on vertical ion drift, ion flux convergence, and nighttime TEC. Our results are consistent with the aforementioned hypothesis over both regions with vertical coupling effects from atmospheric tides preconditioning the nighttime ionosphere to favor higher EPB growth rates.

Chang, Loren; Salinas, Cornelius; Chiu, Yi-Chung; , Jones; Rajesh, P.; Chao, Chi-Kuang; Liu, Jann-Yenq; Lin, Charles; Hsiao, Tung-Yuan;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1029/2020JA028295

Ionosphere; Atmospheric tides; equatorial plasma bubble; scintillation; vertical coupling; wind dynamo

2020

Plasma depletion bays in the equatorial ionosphere observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC during 2007--2014

A new feature of plasma depletion bay (PDB) on the longitudinal structure over the equatorial and low latitudes is observed by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) electron density profiles. The existence of the PDB feature is confirmed by the OI 135.6 nm radiance from TIMED/GUVI, which together with F3/C electron density shows that one North PDB extending to the Southern Hemisphere prominently appears over Southwest America while three South PDBs extending to the Northern Hemisphere occur over North Atlantic, India Ocean, and Southeast Asia. Three-dimensional F3/C ionospheric electron densities are further used to examine PDB structures at various local times, seasons, solar activities, and altitudes during 2007−2014.

Chang, FY; Liu, JY; Fang, TW; Rajesh, PK; Lin, CH;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027501

2011

Ionospheric electron content and NmF2 from nighttime OI 135.6 nm intensity

Rajesh, P.; Liu, J; Hsu, M.; Lin, C.; Oyama, K.; Paxton, L.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research Published on: Jan-01-2011

YEAR: 2011 DOI: 10.1029/2010JA015686

The O I 135.6 nm airglow observations of the midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly by TIMED/GUVI

Hsu, M.; Lin, C.; Hsu, R.; Liu, J; Paxton, L.; Su, H.; Tsai, H.; Rajesh, P.; Chen, C.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research Published on: Jan-01-2011

YEAR: 2011 DOI: 10.1029/2010JA016150

The OI 135.6 nm airglow observations of the midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly by TIMED/GUVI

Hsu, ML; Lin, CH; Hsu, RR; Liu, JY; Paxton, LJ; Su, HT; Tsai, HF; Rajesh, PK; Chen, CH;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2011 DOI:

2009

Ionospheric Electron Density Concurrently Derived by TIP and GOX of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC.

The tiny ion o spheric pho tom e ter (TIP) and GPS occultation ex per i ment (GOX) onboard FORMOSAT-3/COS MIC (F3/C) are em ployed to mea sure the OI 135.6 nm in ten si ties in

Hsu, Mei-Lan; Rajesh, Panthalingal; Liu, Jann-Yenq; Tsai, Lung-Chih; Tsai, Ho-Fang; Lin, Chien-Hung; Dymond, Kenneth; Coker, Clayton; Chua, Damien; Budzien, Scott; , others;