Bibliography

The Terrestrial Magnetospheric Response to the 28th October 2021 CME

Waters, James; Jackman, Caitriona; Whiter, Daniel; Fogg, Alexandra; Lamy, Laurent; Carter, Jennifer; Fryer, Laura; Louis, Corentin; Carley, Eion; Briand, Carine; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2022     DOI:

Height-integrated polar cap conductances during an average substorm

Carter, Jennifer; Milan, Steven; Lester, Mark; Forsyth, Colin; Paxton, Larry; Gjerloev, Jesper; Anderson, Brian;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2022     DOI:

Lobe Reconnection and Cusp-Aligned Auroral Arcs

Abstract Following the St. Patrick s Day (17 March) geomagnetic storm of 2013, the interplanetary magnetic field had near-zero clock angle for almost two days. Throughout this period multiple cusp-aligned auroral arcs formed in the polar regions; we present observations of, and provide a new explanation for, this poorly understood phenomenon. The arcs were observed by auroral imagers onboard satellites of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. Ionospheric flow measurements and observations of energetic particles from the same satellites show that the arcs were produced by inverted-V precipitation associated with upward field-aligned currents (FACs) at shears in the convection pattern. The large-scale convection pattern revealed by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network and the corresponding FAC pattern observed by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment suggest that dual-lobe reconnection was ongoing to produce significant closure of the magnetosphere. However, we propose that once the magnetosphere became nearly closed complicated lobe reconnection geometries arose that produced interleaving of regions of open and closed magnetic flux and spatial and temporal structure in the convection pattern that evolved on timescales shorter than the orbital period of the DMSP spacecraft. This new model naturally explains many features of cusp-aligned arcs, including why they focus in from the nightside toward the cusp region.

Milan, S.; Bower, G.; Carter, J.; Paxton, L.; Anderson, B.; Hairston, M.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2022     DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030089

Field-Aligned Current During an Interval of BY-Dominated Interplanetary-Field; Modeled-to-Observed Comparisons

Carter, Jennifer; Samsonov, AA; Milan, Stephen; Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella; Ridley, Aaron; Paxton, Larry; Anderson, Brian; Waters, Colin; Edwards, Thomas;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI:

Field-aligned current during an interval of $$\backslash$rm B\_ $\$Y$\$ $-dominated interplanetary-field; modeled-to-observed comparisons

Carter, Jennifer; Samsonov, Andrey; Milan, Stephen; Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella; Ridley, Aaron; Paxton, Larry; Anderson, Brian; Waters, Colin; Edwards, Thomas;

Published by: Earth and Space Science Open Archive ESSOAr      Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI:

Dual-lobe reconnection and cusp-aligned auroral arcs

Milan, Stephen; Bower, Gemma; Carter, Jennifer; Paxton, Larry; Anderson, Brian; Hairston, Marc;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI:

Bifurcated Region 2 Field-Aligned Currents Associated With Substorms

Sangha, H; Milan, SE; Carter, JA; Fogg, AR; Anderson, BJ; Korth, H; Paxton, LJ;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Height-Integrated Ionospheric Conductances Parameterized By Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Substorm Phase

Carter, JA; Milan, SE; Paxton, LJ; Anderson, BJ; Gjerloev, J;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Bifurcated region 2 field-aligned currents associated with substorms

Sangha, H; Milan, SE; Carter, JA; Fogg, AR; Anderson, BJ; Korth, H; Paxton, LJ;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

The evolution of long-duration cusp spot emission during lobe reconnection with respect to field-aligned currents

Carter, Jennifer; Milan, Stephen; Fogg, Alexandra; Sangha, Harneet; Lester, Mark; Paxton, Larry; Anderson, Brian;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Dual-lobe reconnection and horse-collar auroras

Milan, Stephen; Carter, Jennifer; Bower, Gemma; Imber, Suzanne; Paxton, Larry; Anderson, Brian; Hairston, Marc; Hubert, Benoit;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

The association of high-latitude dayside aurora with NBZ field-aligned currents

Carter, JA; Milan, SE; Fogg, AR; Paxton, LJ; Anderson, BJ;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Interhemispheric survey of polar cap aurora

Reidy, Jade; Fear, RC; Whiter, DK; Lanchester, B; Kavanagh, Andrew; Milan, SE; Carter, JA; Paxton, LJ; Zhang, Y;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Transpolar arcs observed simultaneously in both hemispheres

Carter, Jennifer; Milan, Stephen; Fear, RC; Walach, M-T; Harrison, ZA; Paxton, LJ; Hubert, Beno\^\it;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2017     DOI:

Two mechanisms for dayside polar cap auroral emissions under northward IMF

Carter, Jennifer; Milan, Steve; Paxton, Larry; Fogg, A;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2017     DOI:

Average field-aligned current configuration parameterised by solar wind conditions

We present the first large-scale comparison of the spatial distribution of field-aligned currents as measured by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment, with the location and brightness of the average auroral oval, determined from the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration far ultraviolet instrument. These distributions are compared under the same interplanetary magnetic field magnitude and clock angle conditions. The field-aligned currents and auroral oval drop to lower latitudes, as the interplanetary magnetic field becomes both increasingly stronger in magnitude and increasingly southward. We find that the region 2 currents are more closely aligned with the distribution of auroral UV emission, whether that be in the discrete auroral zone about dusk or in the postmidnight diffuse aurora sector. The lack of coincidence between the region 1 field-aligned currents with the auroral oval in the dusk sector is contrary to expectation.

Carter, J.; Milan, S.; Coxon, J.; Walach, M.-T.; Anderson, B.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 01/2016

YEAR: 2016     DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021567

auroral oval; field-aligned currents

Average field-aligned current configuration parameterized by solar wind conditions

Carter, JA; Milan, Stephen; Coxon, JC; Walach, M-T; Anderson, BJ;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2016     DOI:

Geomagnetic control of equatorial plasma bubble activity modeled by the TIEGCM with Kp

Describing the day-to-day variability of Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) occurrence remains a significant challenge. In this study we use the Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), driven by solar (F_10.7) and geomagnetic (Kp) activity indices, to study daily variations of the linear Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability growth rate in relation to the measured scintillation strength at five longitudinally distributed stations. For locations characterized by generally favorable conditions for EPB growth (i.e., within the scintillation season for that location), we find that the TIEGCM is capable of identifying days when EPB development, determined from the calculated R-T growth rate, is suppressed as a result of geomagnetic activity. Both observed and modeled upward plasma drifts indicate that the prereversal enhancement scales linearly with Kp from several hours prior, from which it is concluded that even small Kpchanges cause significant variations in daily EPB growth.

Carter, B.; Retterer, J.; Yizengaw, E.; Groves, K.; Caton, R.; McNamara, L.; Bridgwood, C.; Francis, M.; Terkildsen, M.; Norman, R.; Zhang, K.;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on: 08/2014

YEAR: 2014     DOI: 10.1002/2014GL060953

Equatorial ionosphere; plasma bubbles; TIEGCM

An analysis of the quiet time day-to-day variability in the formation of postsunset equatorial plasma bubbles in the Southeast Asian region

Presented is an analysis of the occurrence of postsunset Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) detected using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver at Vanimo. The three year data set shows that the EPB occurrence maximizes (minimizes) during the equinoxes (solstices), in good agreement with previous findings. The Vanimo ionosonde station is used with the GPS receiver in an analysis of the day-to-day EPB occurrence variability during the 2000 equinox period. A superposed epoch analysis (SEA) reveals that the altitude, and the change in altitude, of the F layer height is \~1 standard deviation (1σ) larger on the days for which EPBs were detected, compared to non-EPB days. These results are then compared to results from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), which show strong similarities with the observations. The TIEGCM is used to calculate the flux-tube integrated Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability linear growth rate. A SEA reveals that the modeled R-T growth rate is 1σ higher on average for EPB days compared to non-EPB days, and that the upward plasma drift is the most dominant contributor. It is further demonstrated that the TIEGCM\textquoterights success in describing the observed daily EPB variability during the scintillation season resides in the variations caused by geomagnetic activity (as parameterized by Kp) rather than solar EUV flux (as parameterized by F_10.7). Geomagnetic activity varies the modeled high-latitude plasma convection and the associated Joule heating that affects the low-latitude F region dynamo, and consequently the equatorial upward plasma drift.

Carter, B.; Yizengaw, E.; Retterer, J.; Francis, M.; Terkildsen, M.; Marshall, R.; Norman, R.; Zhang, K.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 04/2014

YEAR: 2014     DOI: 10.1002/jgra.v119.410.1002/2013JA019570

equatorial plasma bubbles; GPS scintillation; Ionosphere