Bibliography

Non-storm time thermospheric O/N2 depletion and NO enhancement

It is well known that significant thermospheric O/N2 depletion and nitric oxide (NO) enhancement is a storm-time phenomenon. However, TIMED/GUVI observed events with a

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Wang, Wenbin; Huang, Chaosong;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2021     DOI:

Corotation of ring current auroral spots at sub-auroral latitudes

We report observations of auroral spots s at sub-auroral latitudes. The auroral spots occurred during storm-recovery phases and corotated with the Earth at a speed either higher (super-rotation) or lower (sub-rotation) than the Earth\textquoterights rotation rate. In the dawn side, the spots have a slightly higher probability of super-rotation than that of the duskside auroral spots. The super- and sub-rotation is likely due to dynamics of the plasmasphere that is controlled by both drag (sub-rotation) and solar wind driven plasma convection.

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on: Jan-02-2020

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105195

Auroral spots; Corotation; Sub-auroral latitude

The Far Ultraviolet Signatures of Conjugate Photoelectrons Seen by the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager

This study investigates the origin of anomalous far ultraviolet emissions observed at night at the subauroral region by the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite System-F16 satellite. The global distribution of the anomalous emission is derived using the measurements of the oxygen atom 130.4-nm emission in 2017. Our results show the extension of the anomalous emission from high latitudes to middle latitudes in the Northern American-Atlantic sector during the December solstice and in the Southern Australia-New Zealand sector during the June solstice. These observations indicate that the anomalous emission occurs in the winter hemisphere and is pronounced at locations close to the magnetic poles. The good agreement between the morphology of the anomalous emission and the predicted distribution of conjugate photoelectrons leads to the conclusion that the anomalous emissions are the signatures of conjugate photoelectrons.

Kil, Hyosub; Schaefer, Robert; Paxton, Larry; Jee, Geonhwa;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on: 01/2020

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.1029/2019GL086383

conjugate photoelectron; far ultraviolet emission; thermosphere; remote sensing data

Bifurcated Region 2 Field-Aligned Currents Associated With Substorms

Sangha, H; Milan, SE; Carter, JA; Fogg, AR; Anderson, BJ; Korth, H; Paxton, LJ;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

The far ultraviolet signatures of conjugate photoelectrons seen by the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager

Kil, Hyosub; Schaefer, Robert; Paxton, Larry; Jee, Geonhwa;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Understanding the Behavior of the Ionosphere—Thermosphere—Mesosphere at Solar Minimum I

Paxton, Larry; Deng, Yue; Liu, Huixin; Fang, Tzu-Wei;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Middle atmosphere ionization from auroral particle precipitation as observed by the SSUSI satellite instruments

Bender, Stefan; Espy, Patrick; Paxton, Larry;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Height-Integrated Ionospheric Conductances Parameterized By Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Substorm Phase

Carter, JA; Milan, SE; Paxton, LJ; Anderson, BJ; Gjerloev, J;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Magnetospheric Conditions for STEVE and SAID: Particle Injection, Substorm Surge, and Field-Aligned Currents

Nishimura, Y; Yang, J; Weygand, JM; Wang, W; Kosar, B; Donovan, EF; , Angelopoulos; Paxton, LJ; Nishitani, N;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Estimation of solar EUV flux from TIMED/GUVI data

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Schaefer, Robert;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Impacts of Lower Thermospheric Atomic Oxygen on Thermospheric Dynamics and Composition Using the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model

Malhotra, Garima; Ridley, Aaron; Marsh, Daniel; Wu, Chen; Paxton, Larry; Mlynczak, Martin;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Origin and distribution of daytime electron density irregularities in the low-latitude F region

Kil, Hyosub; Lee, Woo; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Bifurcated region 2 field-aligned currents associated with substorms

Sangha, H; Milan, SE; Carter, JA; Fogg, AR; Anderson, BJ; Korth, H; Paxton, LJ;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Drivers and Prediction of Variability in Earth’s Ionosphere and Thermosphere: New Observations from Missions I

Immel, Thomas; Greer, Katelynn; Lieberman, Ruth; Paxton, Larry;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Magnetospheric conditions for STEVE and SAID: Particle injection, substorm surge, and field-aligned currents

Nishimura, Y; Yang, J; Weygand, JM; Wang, W; Kosar, B; Donovan, EF; , Angelopoulos; Paxton, LJ; Nishitani, N;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

The evolution of long-duration cusp spot emission during lobe reconnection with respect to field-aligned currents

Carter, Jennifer; Milan, Stephen; Fogg, Alexandra; Sangha, Harneet; Lester, Mark; Paxton, Larry; Anderson, Brian;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Dataset for Multi-scale observations of two polar cap arcs occuring on different magnetic field topologies

Reidy, Jade; Fear, Robert; Whiter, Daniel; Lanchester, Betty; Kavanagh, AJ; Price, David; Chadney, Joshua; Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Dual-lobe reconnection and horse-collar auroras

Milan, Stephen; Carter, Jennifer; Bower, Gemma; Imber, Suzanne; Paxton, Larry; Anderson, Brian; Hairston, Marc; Hubert, Benoit;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Multiscale observation of two polar cap arcs occurring on different magnetic field topologies

Reidy, JA; Fear, RC; Whiter, DK; Lanchester, BS; Kavanagh, AJ; Price, David; Chadney, Joshua; Zhang, Y; Paxton, LJ;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

The Origin of Bubble-like Structures in Midlatitudes during Geomagnetic Storms

Kil, Hyosub; Paxton, Larry; Lee, Woo;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Drivers and Prediction of Variability in Earth’s Ionosphere and Thermosphere: New Observations from Missions II Posters

Immel, Thomas; Greer, Katelynn; Lieberman, Ruth; Paxton, Larry;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

SIHLA, a mission of opportunity to L1 to map H Lyman alpha emissions from the heliopause, the interplanetary medium, the Earth's geocorona and comets

Paxton, Larry; Provornikova, Elena; Roelof, Edmond; emerais, Eric; Izmodenov, Vladislav; Katushkina, Olga; Mierkiewicz, Edwin; Baliukin, Igor; Gruntman, Mike; Taguchi, Makoto; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

A comparison of thermospheric FUV radiance and composition from TIMED, GOLD and ICON

Zhang, Y; Paxton, LJ; Schaefer, RK; Eastes, R; McClintock, WE; Immel, TJ;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2020     DOI:

Deriving Thermospheric Temperature From Observations by the Global Ultraviolet Imager on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Satellite

This paper reports a preliminary result for estimating thermospheric temperature around 155 km from the N₂ Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands observed by TIMED/Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI). Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance Integrated Code model (Strickland et al., 1999, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00098-3) calculations indicate that the intensity ratio in the N₂ Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (0,0) and (1,0) bands at 144.5- to 145.5- and 141.0- to 142.0-nm quasi-linearly depend on N₂ rotational temperature. The observed ratios and the Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance Integrated Code results are used together to specify the thermospheric temperature around 155 km under sunlit conditions. The estimated temperature agrees fairly well with the neutral temperature at 155 km from WACCM-X model. The estimated temperature is also higher over the auroral oval and O/N₂ depleted regions. Furthermore, meridional wave-like structures were clearly seen in the derived temperature and were likely caused by traveling atmospheric disturbances.

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Schaefer, Robert;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on: 06/2019

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1029/2018JA026379

Observations of conjugated ring current auroras at subauroral latitudes

We report three ring current aurora events that are conjugated in the two hemispheres observed by satellite and ground imagers on May 16, 2005, August 26, 2018 and September 5, 2005. The ring current auroras appeared as auroral spots or arcs in the day, dusk or night side. These events confirm that the particle sources are in the equatorial ring current ions and pitch angle diffusion of the ions lead to the ion precipitation in the both hemisphere on the same field lines, thus the auroras are conjugated.

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on: 03/2019

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2019.01.005

Plasma Blobs Associated With Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances

Plasma blobs represent plasma density enhancements with respect to ambient plasma. The formation of blobs in low and middle latitudes is understood in association with either equatorial plasma bubbles or medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). This study reports four blob events identified from the Swarm satellite observations in 2014. Those blobs show the conjugate property and the alignment in the northwest-southeast direction in the Northern Hemisphere and southwest-northeast direction in the Southern Hemisphere. These are the typical characteristics of nighttime MSTIDs. The observation of MSTIDs in the total electron content maps and the absence of bubbles in the equatorial region at the times of the blob detection further support the association of those blobs with MSTIDs.

Kil, Hyosub; Paxton, Larry; Jee, Geonhwa; Nikoukar, Romina;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on: 03/2019

YEAR: 2019     DOI: 10.1029/2019GL082026

Impact of nitric oxide, solar EUV and particle precipitation on thermospheric density decrease

Addressing O2R with the SSUSI Operational Space Sensor: Lessons Learned

Schaefer, Robert; Paxton, Larry; Romeo, Giuseppe; Kil, Hyosub; Wolven, Brian; Zhang, Yongliang;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Multiscale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Mesosphere System II Posters

Nishimura, Toshi; Paxton, Larry; Lyons, Larry; Erickson, Philip;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

DMSP/SSUSI and TIMED/GUVI: Contributions to GOLD and ICON, Now and by Setting Context

Paxton, Larry;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Using Artificial Neural Network Training for Space Weather Products

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Storm-time variations in the thermsopheric density, composition and temperature.

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Schaefer, Robert;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Understanding the Effects of Earth's Lower Atmosphere on Upper Ionospheric-Thermospheric Semi Annual Oscillation-Using GITM, MSIS and WACCM-X

The datasets that are used in these study for comparisons are GPS, GUVI, COSMIC and GRACE observations.

Malhotra, Garima; Ridley, Aaron; Marsh, Daniel; Wu, Chen; Paxton, Larry;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

SIHlA-Spatial/spectral imaging of hydrogen Lyman alpha

Paxton, L; Roelof, E; Lisse, C; Vervack, R; McNutt, R; Provornikova, E; Cox, A; Dyster, J; Gruntman, M; Katushkina, O; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Advances in Auroral Studies I

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Robinson, Robert; MacDonald, Elizabeth; Mitchell, Elizabeth;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Plasma blobs associated with medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances

Kil, Hyosub; Paxton, Larry; Jee, Geonhwa; Nikoukar, Romina;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Critical issues in ionospheric data quality and implications for scientific studies

Araujo-Pradere, E; Weatherhead, EC; Dandenault, PB; Bilitza, D; Wilkinson, P; Coker, C; Akmaev, R; Beig, G; a, Bure\^sov\; Paxton, LJ; , others;

Published by: Radio Science      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Daytime evolution of equatorial plasma bubbles observed by the first Republic of China satellite

Kil, Hyosub; Paxton, Larry; Lee, Woo; Jee, Geonhwa;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:

Tropical Ionization Trough in the Ionosphere Seen by Swarm-A Satellite

A new type of ionization trough, the tropical ionization trough, is identified in the tropical F region from the Swarm-A satellite observations in December 2013 to January 2017. The trough is formed around midnight near 25\textdegree magnetic latitudes in the winter hemisphere during the solstices. The trough is pronounced around 330\textdegreeE longitude in the Southern Hemisphere (negative magnetic declination) during the June solstices and around 210\textdegreeE longitude in the Northern Hemisphere (positive magnetic declination) during the December solstices. Weak signatures of the trough also appear at those locations during the equinoxes. We interpret the formation of the trough in the winter hemisphere during the solstices by the convergence of meridional winds in the winter tropics. The longitudinal variation of the trough intensity is explained by the magnetic declination control of the zonal wind effect and the longitudinal variation of the meridional wind velocity.

Lee, Woo; Kil, Hyosub; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on: 11/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1029/2018GL080286

Storm-time variations of atomic nitrogen 149.3 nm emission

Net radiances of atomic nitrogen emission line (N-149.3 nm) from the thermosphere are extracted from the FUV spectra observed by TIMED/GUVI on dayside at sunlit latitudes. During geomagnetic storms, the N-149.3 nm intensity is clearly enhanced in the locations where O/N₂ depletion and nitric oxide (NO) enhancement are observed. The N-149.3 nm intensity is linearly and tightly correlated with N₂ LBHS (140\textendash150 nm) radiance with a fixed LBHS/149.3 nm ratio of \~4.5, suggesting that dissociation of N₂ is the dominant source of the N-149.3 nm emission. In the regions without storm disturbances, the N-149.3 nm intensities are closely correlated with solar EUV flux.

Zhang, Y.; Paxton, L.J.; Morrison, D.; Schaefer, B.;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on: 04/2018

YEAR: 2018     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2018.01.023

Driving of strong nightside reconnection and geomagnetic activity by polar cap flows: application to CME shocks and possibly other situations

Lyons, LR; Gallardo-Lacourt, B; Zou, Y; Nishimura, Y; Anderson, P; , Angelopoulos; Donovan, EF; Ruohoniemi, JM; Mitchell, E; Paxton, LJ; , others;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Storm-time thermospheric neutral density variations: Impacts of nitric oxide cooling, and solar EUV, Particle and Joule heating

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Lu, Gang; Yee, Jeng-Hwa;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Imaging the Global Dynamical Response of the Upper Atmosphere to High Latitude Forcing

Paxton, Larry;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Solar EUV flux proxy using multifrequency solar radio flux

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

The association of high-latitude dayside aurora with NBZ field-aligned currents

Carter, JA; Milan, SE; Fogg, AR; Paxton, LJ; Anderson, BJ;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Interhemispheric survey of polar cap aurora

Reidy, Jade; Fear, RC; Whiter, DK; Lanchester, B; Kavanagh, Andrew; Milan, SE; Carter, JA; Paxton, LJ; Zhang, Y;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Introduction to NASA Living With a Star Institute special section on low Earth orbit satellite drag: Science and operational impact

Zhang, Yongliang; Paxton, Larry; Jones, James;

Published by: Space Weather      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Global distribution of medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances seen by Swarm and CHAMP satellites

Kil, Hyosub; Lee, Woo; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: 42nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

The morphology and driver of the tropical ionization trough

Lee, Woo; Kil, Hyosub; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: 42nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI:

Heliophysics Science enabled by Lunar Orbiting Platforms

Spann, James; Giles, Barbara; Spence, Harlan; Savage, Sabrina; Paxton, Larry; Kasper, Justin; Horanyi, Mihaly; DeLuca, Edward; Collado-Vega, Yaireska; Clark, Pamela;

Published by: 2018 Triennial Earth-Sun Summit (TESS      Published on:

YEAR: 2018     DOI: