Bibliography

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Found 27 entries in the Bibliography.

Showing entries from 1 through 27

2022

Sounding Rocket Observation of Nitric Oxide in the Polar Night

An altitude profile of Nitric Oxide (NO) in the 80–110 km altitude range was measured in the polar night from a sounding rocket on 27 January 2020. The observations were made using the technique of stellar occultation with a UV spectrograph observing the γ (1,0) band of NO near 215 nm. The tangent point for the altitude profile was at 74° latitude, a location that had been in darkness for 80 days. The retrieved slant column density profile is interpreted using an assumed four-parameter analytic profile shape. Retrievals of the fitting parameters yield a profile with a peak NO concentration of 2.2 ± 0.7 × 108 cm−3 at 93.5 ± 4.1 km. The observations were made during a time of minimum solar and geomagnetic activity. The NO maximum retrieved from the rocket profile is significantly larger in abundance and lower in altitude than other observations on the same day at nearby latitudes just outside the polar night. These rocket-borne results are consistent with NO that is created over the course over the polar winter and is confined to high latitudes in the polar night by the mesospheric polar vortex. During the course of that confinement the abundance increases due to the lack of photodissociation, allowing the NO to descend. We show that the observed descent can be explained by eddy diffusion-driven transport, though vertical advection cannot be ruled out.

Bailey, Scott; McClintock, William; Carstens, Justin; Thurairajah, Brentha; Das, Saswati; Randall, Cora; Harvey, Lynn; Siskind, David; Stevens, Michael; Venkataramani, Karthik;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2022 DOI: 10.1029/2021JA030257

Lower thermosphere; mesosphere; nitric oxide; polar night; sounding rocket; stellar occultation

2021

Thermospheric Composition and Solar EUV Flux From the Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) Mission

Observations of far-ultraviolet (FUV) dayglow by the Global-scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission provide a new opportunity to monitor relative composition changes in the upper atmosphere as well as solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) variability. Relative composition changes are quantified by ΣO/N2, the column density ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen, while QEUV provides a measure of the solar EUV energy flux from 1 to 45 nm into the upper atmosphere. This spectral range provides the ionizing radiation which ultimately results in FUV airglow emission produced by photodissociation and photoelectron impact. The quantities ΣO/N2 and QEUV are derived from GOLD FUV observations through lookup tables that are constructed using a first-principles photoelectron transport model. The two FUV emissions used are O I 135.6 nm and the N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) bands. We present an overview of the theoretical basis for the algorithms and practical considerations for application to GOLD data. The effects of uncertainties in electron impact cross sections, off-nadir viewing, and instrument artifacts are reviewed. We also discuss GOLD Level 1C DAY, Level 2 data products ON2 and QEUV, and present representative samples of each.

Correira, J.; Evans, J.; Lumpe, J.; Krywonos, A.; Daniell, R.; Veibell, V.; McClintock, W.; Eastes, R.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029517

GOLD; neutral composition; ON2; QEUV; radiative recombination; thermosphere

First Comparison of Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances Observed in the Middle Thermosphere by Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk to Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Seen in Ground-Based Total Electron Content Observations

Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) and their neutral counterparts known as traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) are believed to play a role in communicating inputs to other locations in the fluid. While these two phenomena are believed to be connected, they may not have a one-to-one correspondence as the geomagnetic field influences the TID but has no direct impact on the TAD. The relative amplitudes of the perturbations seen in the ionosphere and atmosphere have been observed but rarely together. This study reports results from a 3-day campaign to observe TIDs and TADs simultaneously over a broad latitudinal region over the eastern United States using a combination of Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) and a distributed network of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. These results demonstrate that GOLD and the ground-based total electron content (TEC) observations can see the atmospheric and ionospheric portions of a large-scale traveling disturbance. The phase difference in the perturbations to the GOLD airglow brightness, O/N2 and thermospheric disk temperature are consistent with an atmospheric gravity wave moving through this region. The ionospheric signatures move at the same rate as those in the atmosphere, but their amplitudes do not have a simple correspondence to the amplitude of the signal seen in the atmosphere. This campaign demonstrates a proof-of-concept that this combination of observations is able to provide information on TIDs and TADs, including quantifying their impact on the temperature and chemical composition of the upper atmosphere.

England, Scott; Greer, Katelynn; Zhang, Shun-Rong; Evans, Scott; Solomon, Stanley; Eastes, Richard; McClintock, William; Burns, Alan;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2021 DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029248

Ionosphere; thermosphere; airglow; atmospheric waves

2020

Neutral exospheric temperatures from the GOLD mission

Evans, JS; Lumpe, JD; Correira, J; , Veibell; Kyrwonos, A; McClintock, WE; Solomon, SC; Eastes, RW;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2020 DOI:

First zonal drift velocity measurement of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) from a geostationary orbit using GOLD data

Karan, Deepak; Daniell, Robert; England, Scott; Martinis, Carlos; Eastes, Richard; Burns, Alan; McClintock, William;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2020 DOI:

A comparison of thermospheric FUV radiance and composition from TIMED, GOLD and ICON

Zhang, Y; Paxton, LJ; Schaefer, RK; Eastes, R; McClintock, WE; Immel, TJ;

Published by: Published on:

YEAR: 2020 DOI:

Variations of lower thermospheric FUV emissions based on GOLD observations and GLOW modeling

Greer, KR; Eastes, Richard; Solomon, Stan; McClintock, William; Burns, Alan; Rusch, David;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2020 DOI:

Comparison of GOLD nighttime measurements with total electron content: Preliminary results

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) has been imaging the thermosphere and ionosphere since

Cai, Xuguang; Burns, Alan; Wang, Wenbin; Coster, Anthea; Qian, Liying; Liu, Jing; Solomon, Stanley; Eastes, Richard; Daniell, Robert; McClintock, William;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027767

Initial observations by the GOLD mission

Given that previous measurements of ΔΣO/N 2 from low Earth orbit (LEO) have proven invaluable in advancing our understanding of the TI system (eg, TIMED/GUVI), GOLD data have

Eastes, RW; McClintock, WE; Burns, AG; Anderson, DN; Andersson, L; Aryal, S; Budzien, SA; Cai, X; Codrescu, MV; Correira, JT; , others;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.1029/2020JA027823

Global-scale observations and modeling of far-ultraviolet airglow during twilight

The NASA Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk ultraviolet imaging spectrograph performs observations of upper atmosphere airglow from the sunlit disk and limb of the Earth

Solomon, Stanley; Andersson, Laila; Burns, Alan; Eastes, Richard; Martinis, Carlos; McClintock, William; Richmond, Arthur;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027645

Daily Variability in the Terrestrial UV Airglow

New capability for observing conditions in the upper atmosphere comes with the implementation of global ultraviolet (UV) imaging from geosynchronous orbit. Observed by the NASA

Immel, Thomas; Eastes, Richard; McClintock, William; Mende, Steven; Frey, Harald; Triplett, Colin; England, Scott;

Published by: Atmosphere Published on:

YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101046

A new data set of thermospheric molecular oxygen from the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission

The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) instrument was launched on 25 January 2018 onboard the SES-14 commercial communications satellite and began nominal science operations in October 2018. Operating from geostationary orbit at 47.5°W longitude, GOLD images the Earth s thermosphere and ionosphere in the far-ultraviolet (132–162 nm), measuring critical geophysical parameters by continuously scanning the Earth s disk and limb 18 hours per day. GOLD also performs stellar occultation measurements using bright type O and B stars.

Lumpe, JD; McClintock, WE; Evans, JS; Correira, J; , Veibell; Beland, S; Eastes, R;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2020 DOI: 10.1029/2020JA027812

2019

Global-scale Observations of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly

Abstract The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk ultraviolet spectrograph has been imaging the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), regions of the ionosphere with enhanced electron density north and south of the magnetic equator, since October 2018. The initial 3 months of observations was during solar minimum conditions, and they included observations in December solstice of unanticipated variability and depleted regions. Depletions are seen on most nights, in contrast to expectations from previous space-based observations. The variety of scales and morphologies also pose challenges to understanding of the EIA. Abrupt changes in the EIA location, which could be related to in situ measurements of large-scale depletion regions, are observed on some nights. Such synoptic-scale disruptions have not been previously identified.

Eastes, R.; Solomon, S.; Daniell, R.; Anderson, D.; Burns, A.; England, S.; Martinis, C.; McClintock, W.;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters Published on:

YEAR: 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084199

Equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; ionospheric dynamics; Ionospheric storms; forecasting; airglow and aurora

Composition Changes Around the Equinoxes

Burns, Alan; Cai, Xuguang; Wang, Wenbin; Qian, Liying; Zhang, Yongliang; Eastes, Richard; McClintock, William;

Published by: Published on:

YEAR: 2019 DOI:

2018

Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD): science implementation

McClintock, William; Eastes, Richard; Andersson, Laila; Burns, Alan; Codrescu, Mihail; Daniell, Robert; England, Scott; Evans, Scott; Krywonos, Andrey; Lumpe, Jerry; , others;

Published by: Published on:

YEAR: 2018 DOI:

Observations and Modeling of Atomic/Molecular Composition in the Thermosphere

Solomon, Stanley; Eastes, Richard; McClintock, William; Paxton, Larry; Zhang, Yongliang;

Published by: Published on:

YEAR: 2018 DOI:

2017

The Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) Mission

The Earth\textquoterights thermosphere and ionosphere constitute a dynamic system that varies daily in response to energy inputs from above and from below. This system can exhibit a significant response within an hour to changes in those inputs, as plasma and fluid processes compete to control its temperature, composition, and structure. Within this system, short wavelength solar radiation and charged particles from the magnetosphere deposit energy, and waves propagating from the lower atmosphere dissipate. Understanding the global-scale response of the thermosphere-ionosphere (T-I) system to these drivers is essential to advancing our physical understanding of coupling between the space environment and the Earth\textquoterights atmosphere. Previous missions have successfully determined how the \textquotedblleftclimate\textquotedblright of the T-I system responds. The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission will determine how the \textquotedblleftweather\textquotedblright of the T-I responds, taking the next step in understanding the coupling between the space environment and the Earth\textquoterights atmosphere. Operating in geostationary orbit, the GOLD imaging spectrograph will measure the Earth\textquoterights emissions from 132 to 162 nm. These measurements will be used image two critical variables\textemdashthermospheric temperature and composition, near 160 km\textemdashon the dayside disk at half-hour time scales. At night they will be used to image the evolution of the low latitude ionosphere in the same regions that were observed earlier during the day. Due to the geostationary orbit being used the mission observes the same hemisphere repeatedly, allowing the unambiguous separation of spatial and temporal variability over the Americas.

Eastes, R.; McClintock, W.; Burns, A.; Anderson, D.; Andersson, L.; Codrescu, M.; Correira, J.; Daniell, R.; England, S.; Evans, J.; Harvey, J.; Krywonos, A.; Lumpe, J.; Richmond, A.; Rusch, D.; Siegmund, O.; Solomon, S.; Strickland, D.; Woods, T.; Aksnes, A.; Budzien, S.; Dymond, K.; Eparvier, F.; Martinis, C.; Oberheide, J.;