Bibliography

The causal link of the DE-3 tide, vertical drift, and plasma density

Kil, Hyosub; Talaat, Elsayed; Paxton, Larry; Fang, Tzu-Wei; Oh, Seung-Jun;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI:

The solar cycle dependence variability of the occurrence pattern of the equatorial plasma bubbles retrieved from TIMED/GUVI nightglow images

Oh, S; Kil, H; Paxton, LJ; Kim, Y;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI:

Global bubble distribution seen from ROCSAT-1 and its association with the evening prereversal enhancement

Kil, Hyosub; Paxton, Larry; Oh, Seung-Jun;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI: 10.1029/2008JA013672

The 27-day modulation of the low-latitude ionosphere during a solar maximum

Min, Kyoung; Park, Jaeheung; Kim, Heejun; Kim, Vitaly; Kil, Hyosub; Lee, Jaejin; Rentz, Stefanie; Lühr, Hermann; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2009     DOI:

Effects of solar activity variations on the low latitude topside nighttime ionosphere

Park, S.M.; Kim, H.; Min, S.; Park, J.; Lee, J.H.; Kil, H.; Paxton, L.; Su, S.-Y.; Lee, J.; Min, K.W.;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on: Jan-08-2008

YEAR: 2008     DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.031

Wave structures of the plasma density and vertical E$\times$ B drift in low-latitude F region

We investigate the seasonal, longitudinal, local time (LT), and altitudinal variations of the F region morphology at low latitudes using data from the first Republic of China satellite (ROCSAT-1), Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI), on board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite, and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F13 and F15 satellites. Signatures of the longitudinally periodic plasma density structure emerge before 0900 LT. The wave structure is established before noon and further amplified in the afternoon. The amplitudes of the wave structure start to diminish in the evening. The wave-4 structure is clearly distinguishable during equinox and northern hemisphere summer. During northern hemisphere winter, the density structure can be characterized to either wave-4 or wave-3 structure owing to marginal separation of the two peaks in 180°–300°E. Observations of similar density structures from ROCSAT-1 (600 km) and DMSP (840 km) at 0930 and 1800 LT indicate the extension of the wave structure to altitudes greater than 840 km. The daytime wave structure persists into the night during the equinoxes but is significantly modified during the solstices. The modification is more significant at higher altitudes and is attributed to the effects of interhemispheric winds and the prereversal enhancement. The formation of the wavelike density structure in the morning and its temporal evolution in the afternoon show a close association with the vertical E × B drift. We conclude that the E × B drift during 0900–1200 LT determines the formation of the wavelike density structure.

Kil, H.; Talaat, E.; Oh, S.-J.; Paxton, L.; England, S.; Su, S.-Y.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research      Published on: Jan-01-2008

YEAR: 2008     DOI: 10.1029/2008JA013106

Equatorial ionosphere; wave structure; atmospheric tide

GUVI observations of the ionosphere during the declining phase of the solar cycle

Paxton, LJ; Comberiate, J; Zhang, Y; Kil, H; Christensen, A;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

The one-to-one relationship between the pre-reversal enhancement and equatorial plasma bubbles observed from ROCSAT and CNOFS/CINDI

Kil, H; Paxton, LJ; Heelis, RA;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

The effect of the vertical $ E $\$$\backslash$times$\$ B $ drift on the formation of the longitudinal plasma density structure in the low-latitude F-region

Oh, SJ; Kil, H; Kim, W; Paxton, LJ; Kim, YH;

Published by: Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society      Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

Lower Atmosphere Wave Effects on Ionospheric Variability

Talaat, Elsayed; Yee, Jeng-Hwa; Paxton, Larry; DeMajistre, Robert; Christensen, Andrew; Mlynczak, MG; , Russell; Zhu, Xun; Sotirelis, Thomas; Kil, Hyosub;

Published by: 37th COSPAR Scientific Assembly      Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

Wave structures of the plasma density and vertical E$\times$ B drift in low-latitude F region

Kil, H; Talaat, ER; Oh, S-J; Paxton, LJ; England, SL; Su, S-Y;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

The role of the vertical E$\times$ B drift for the formation of the longitudinal plasma density structure in the low-latitude F region

Oh, S-J; Kil, H; Kim, W-T; Paxton, LJ; Kim, YH;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

The temporal variability of the longitudinal plasma density structure in the low-latitude F-region

Oh, SJ; Kil, H; Kim, YH;

Published by: Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society      Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

Abnormal vertical drifts of equatorial plasma before dawn and after sunset during the storm of 29—30 October 2003

Kil, Hyosub; Oh, Seung-Jun; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: Geophysical research letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

Retrieval of 3-D equatorial plasma bubble characteristics from the TIMED/GUVI nightglow images.

Oh, SJ; Kil, H;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2008     DOI:

A climatology of nonmigrating semidiurnal tides from TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) wind data

Oberheide, J.; Wu, Q.; Killeen, T.L.; Hagan, M.E.; Roble, R.G.;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on: Jan-12-2007

YEAR: 2007     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.05.010

The ionospheric and thermospheric response to CMEs: Challenges and successes

Burns, A.G.; Solomon, S.C.; Wang, W.; Killeen, T.L.;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on: Jan-02-2007

YEAR: 2007     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.06.010

Retrieval of 2-D equatorial plasma bubble images from the TIMED/GUVI data

Oh, SJ; Kil, H;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2007     DOI:

Longitudinal structure of the vertical E$\times$ B drift and ion density seen from ROCSAT-1

Kil, Hyosub; Oh, S-J; Kelley, MC; Paxton, LJ; England, SL; Talaat, E; Min, K-W; Su, S-Y;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2007     DOI:

The effect of the vertical ExB drift on the longitudinal plasma density structure in low-mid latitudes

Kil, H; Oh, S; Paxton, LJ; Talaat, E;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2007     DOI:

Spike-like change of the vertical E$\times$ B drift in the equatorial region during very large geomagnetic storms

Kil, H; Oh, S-J; Paxton, LJ; Zhang, Y; Su, S-Y; Min, K-W;

Published by: Geophysical research letters      Published on:

YEAR: 2007     DOI:

F-region Pedersen conductivity deduced using the TIMED/GUVI limb retrievals

Kil, H.; DeMajistre, M.; Paxton, L.; Zhang, Y.;

Published by: Annales Geophysicae      Published on: Jan-01-2006

YEAR: 2006     DOI: 10.5194/angeo-24-1311-2006

Nightside thermospheric FUV emissions due to energetic neutral atom precipitation during magnetic superstorms

Zhang, Y.; Paxton, L.; Kozyra, J.; Kil, H.; Brandt, P.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research      Published on: Jan-01-2006

YEAR: 2006     DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011152

Ionospheric disturbances during the magnetic storm of 15 July 2000: Role of the fountain effect and plasma bubbles for the formation of large equatorial plasma density depletions

We investigate the role of the fountain effect and plasma bubbles for the formation of the large equatorial plasma depletions during the geomagnetic storm of 15 July 2000. The large equatorial plasma depletions are detected in the Atlantic sector on the night of the 15th by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15 and the first Republic of China Satellite (ROCSAT-1). The observations show discontinuous drop of the plasma density at the walls of the depletions, flat plasma density inside the depletions, and persistence or growth of the depletions over night. These properties are not consistent with the trough morphology induced by the fountain effect. The coincident ionospheric observations of DMSP F15 and ROCSAT-1 demonstrate that the large depletions are created in the longitude regions where plasma bubbles are present. The occurrence of the large depletions after sunset, elongation in the north-south direction, formation of steep walls, and colocation with plasma bubbles at lower altitudes or earlier times suggest that the large depletions are closely associated with plasma bubbles.

Kil, Hyosub; Paxton, Larry;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research      Published on: 12/2006

YEAR: 2006     DOI: 10.1029/2006JA011742

Equatorial ionosphere; geomagnetic storm; ionospheric disturbances

Characteristics of the storm-induced big bubbles (SIBBs)

Large equatorial plasma depletions, referred to as storm-induced big bubbles (SIBBs), are detected from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F15 and from the first Republic of China Satellite during the large magnetic storms of 31 March 2001, 29 October 2003, and 20 November 2003. They occur in the equatorial region at night, are elongated in the north-south direction, have steep walls, and always coexist with plasma bubbles. These observations are consistent with the SIBB characteristics described in the companion paper by Kil and Paxton [2006] and corroborate that the SIBBs are associated with bubbles. We discuss the common characteristics of the SIBBs and the role of the E \texttimes B drift for the formation of the SIBBs.

Kil, Hyosub; Paxton, L.; Su, Shin-Yi; Zhang, Yongliang; Yeh, Hweyching;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research      Published on: 10/2006

YEAR: 2006     DOI: 10.1029/2006JA011743

Equatorial ionosphere; geomagnetic storm; irregularities

Nighttime F-region morphology in the low and middle latitudes seen from DMSP F15 and TIMED/GUVI

We investigate the seasonal, longitudinal, and altitudinal variations of the FF-region morphology at 2100\textendash2300\ LT in the low- and middle-latitudes using the data collected in August, September, and November of 2003. The topside morphology is investigated using in situ measurements of the O⁺O+ fraction and total ion density by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15 satellite. The morphology of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) near the FF peak altitude is investigated using the OI 135.6-nm radiance maps provided by the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) on board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The hemispheric asymmetries of the topside ionosphere at 840\ km in the months near solstices can be characterized by the reduction of the O⁺O+ fraction and ion density in the winter hemisphere compared to those in the summer hemisphere. The minimum O⁺O+ fraction and ion density layers occur around 30^o30o magnetic latitude in the winter hemisphere. During the fall equinox, the hemispheric asymmetries are reversed in the regions of opposite magnetic declinations. From the comparison of the topside morphology with the global wind circulation pattern at 2200\ LT predicted by the Horizontal Wind Model 93 (HWM93) we infer that hemispheric asymmetry of the topside ionosphere is created primarily by the retardation of the downward plasma diffusion in one hemisphere through the field-aligned equatorward winds. The global EIA morphology does not conform to the topside morphology. The complex seasonal-longitudinal variations of the EIA strength and asymmetry are not explained simply by considering the modulation of the FF-layer height by the winds. The magnetic declination is not a useful tool in understanding the global EIA morphology.

Kil, Hyosub; DeMajistre, Robert; Paxton, L.; Zhang, Yongliang;

Published by: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics      Published on: 09/2006

YEAR: 2006     DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.05.024

Equatorial ionization anomaly; FF-region plasma distribution; low-latitude ionosphere; Neutral wind

Vertical variations in the N2 mass mixing ratio during a thermospheric storm that have been simulated using a coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere model

Burns, AG; Wang, W; Killeen, TL; Solomon, SC; Wiltberger, M;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

Observing the Coupled Ionosphere-Thermosphere System: From Solar Maximum to Solar Minimum and Beyond

Paxton, L; Morrison, D; Zhang, Y; Kil, H; Wolven, B; Comberiate, J; Meng, C; Kozyra, J; Christensen, A;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

GUVI Observations of Thermosphere/Ionosphere Coupling

Paxton, L; Zhang, Y; Kil, H; Morrison, D; Wolven, B; Meng, C; Christensen, A;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

Investigation of the dependence of the storm-induced ExB drift on the local time, storm phase, and storm size

Kil, H; Oh, S; Paxton, LJ; Zhang, Y;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

Effects of Solar Activity Variations on the Low Latitude Topside Nighttime Ionosphere

Min, K.; Kim, H.; Park, J.; Kil, H.; Lee, J.; Lee, E.;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

F-region Pedersen conductivity deduced using the TIMED/GUVI limb retrievals

Kil, H; DeMajistre, M; Paxton, LJ; Zhang, Y;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

TIMED Doppler interferometer (TIDI) observations of migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides

Wu, Qian; Killeen, TL; Ortland, DA; Solomon, SC; Gablehouse, RD; Johnson, RM; Skinner, WR; Niciejewski, RJ; Franke, SJ;

Published by: Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

The global morphology of the vertical ExB drift in the equatorial region

Kil, H; Oh, S; Paxton, LJ; Min, K; Su, S;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2006     DOI:

Undulations on the equatorward edge of the diffuse proton aurora: TIMED/GUVI observations

Undulations on the equatorward edge of the diffuse proton aurora have been identified by using TIMED/GUVI auroral images in the far ultraviolet wavelengths. While undulations have been previously reported on the duskside (Lui et al., 1982), GUVI observations show the undulation also occurs in the dayside, nightside, and morningside. The GUVI proton auroral images provide direct optical evidence that the undulations occur in the proton aurora. It is also the first detection of the undulation in the dayside indicating strong convection shear in the region. The undulation in the nightside, a wavy structure in the whole diffuse proton aurora, is significantly different from those in the duskside and dayside. While almost all of the undulation events are observed during magnetic storms (Dst \< -60 nT), one exceptional case shows undulation in the dayside with Dst = 30 nT. However, the case is associated with a large solar wind speed (650 km/s) and a high dynamic pressure (14 nPa). Coincident DMSP SSIES observations suggest that both large ion drift velocity (\>1000 m/s) and strong velocity shear (\>0.1 s^-1) within the diffuse aurora oval are necessary conditions for the undulation to occur. The SSIES data also indicate the areas with large ion drift velocity and shear move to higher latitudes in the MLT sectors toward midnight. This may explain why the undulation is rarely detected in the nightside.

Zhang, Y.; Paxton, L.; Morrison, D.; T. Y. Lui, A.; Kil, H.; Wolven, B.; Meng, C.-I.; Christensen, A.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research      Published on: 09/2005

YEAR: 2005     DOI: 10.1029/2004JA010668

auroral undulation; K-H instability; Magnetic storm; plasma convection

The climatology of the quiet nighttime low-latitude ionosphere

Talaat, ER; Yee, J; DeMajistre, R; Paxton, L; Kil, H; Zhang, Y; Sotirelis, T; Christensen, A; Palo, S; Azeem, I; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

GUVI Observations of Solar EUV and Geomagnetic Storm Control of the Ionosphere and Thermosphere

Paxton, LJ; Yee, J; Zhang, Y; Kil, H; DeMajistre, R; Morrison, D; Wolven, B; Meng, C;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

Formation of the large equatorial plasma depletions during superstorms by the ionosphere-thermosphere coupling effect

Kil, H; Paxton, L; Crowley, G; Su, S; Zhang, Y;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

AURORA: The Next Generation Space Weather Sensor for NPOESS

Paxton, L; Morrison, D; Santo, A; Ogorzalek, B; Goldsten, J; Boldt, J; Kil, H; Zhang, Y; DeMajistre, R; Wolven, B; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

Auroral Undulations During Magnetic Storms: TIMED/GUVI Observations

Zhang, Y; Paxton, LJ; Morrison, D; Lui, T; Kil, H; Wolven, B; Meng, CI;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

O/N2 morphology during quiet and moderate auroral activity and its relation to TEC

Zhang, Y; Paxton, LJ; Morrison, D; Kil, H; Wolven, B;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

Global distribution of equatorial plasma bubbles in the premidnight sector during solar maximum as observed by KOMPSAT-1 and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F15

Park, Jaeheung; Min, Kyoung; Kim, Vitaly; Kil, Hyosub; Lee, Jae-Jin; Kim, Hee-Jun; Lee, Ensang; Lee, Dae;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics      Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

Far-ultraviolet signature of polar cusp during southward IMF Bz observed by TIMED/Global Ultraviolet Imager and DMSP

The coincident TIMED/Global Ultraviolet Imager (TIMED/GUVI) optical and DMSP particle observations have revealed new features of the optical signature of the polar cusp under a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We have found that cusp auroras usually take the shape of a thin arc with a width around 100\textendash200 km. This provides the first far-ultraviolet evidence of the narrow cusp under a southward IMF [Newell and Meng, 1987]. The cusp auroras could extend down to 0800 magnetic local time (MLT) in the morningside and 1400 MLT in the duskside. Its length is about a few thousand kilometers. A large solar wind density, speed, and IMF are necessary conditions for GUVI to observe the cusp aurora. We found that the cusp location at 1200 MLT changes linearly (-10 nT\ B_z\ \< 0 nT) and nonlinearly (B_z\ \< -10 nT) with the IMF\ B_z. The nonlinear effect can be explained by an\ L^-3\ dependence of the Earth\textquoterights equatorial magnetic field.

Zhang, Y; Meng, C-I; Paxton, LJ; Morrison, D; Wolven, B; Kil, H; Newell, P; Wing, S; Christensen, AB;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (1978\textendash2012)      Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI: 10.1029/2004JA010707

cusp aurora

GUVI Observations of storm-time control and coupling of the ionosphere and thermosphere

Paxton, L.; Kil, H.; DeMajistre, R.; Zhang, Y.;

Published by: special ISEA issue      Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

Imaging the Low-Latitude Ionosphere: Future Collaborations with C/NOFS

Paxton, L.; Kil, H.; DeMajistre, R.; Zhang, Y.; Morrison, D.; Wolven, B.; Meng, C.-I;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) Mission: Significant Findings and Evolving Research

Yee, J; Christensen, A; Russell, J; Killeen, T; Woods, T; Kozyra, J; Smith, A; Fritts, D; Forbes, J; Mayr, H; , others;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

Nightside detached auroras due to precipitating protons/ions during intense magnetic storms

Nightside detached auroras (NDA) during intense magnetic storms are studied by using FUV image data from Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)/Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI), Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE)/FUV, and particle data from DMSP/SSJ/4 instruments. We found that NDA are caused by proton/ion precipitation only. Thin arc-shaped NDA are very likely due to soft (\<1 keV) proton/ion precipitation. Thick or patch-shaped NDA are caused by energetic (\~10 keV) proton/ion precipitation. All the cases indicate that the NDA were observed when\ Dst\ was less -130 nT. More specifically, the NDA occurred during recovery or the lowest\ Dst\ period for each intense storm. The magnetic latitudes of the NDA are between 45\textdegree and 55\textdegree (Lshell: 2.0\textendash3.0). We found that the latitude location of the NDA is quasi-linearly correlated with\ Dst. The magnetic local time (MLT) of the NDA ranges from 1930 to 0300. All the facts indicate that the source of the NDA is the trapped protons/ions in the ring current. Precipitation of the trapped protons/ions is caused by an interaction between the perpendicularly heated ring current particles and the cold/dense plasma at the plasmapause.

Zhang, Y; Paxton, LJ; Morrison, D; Wolven, B; Kil, H; Wing, S;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (1978\textendash2012)      Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI: 10.1029/2004JA010498

detached aurora; proton precipitation; ring current; Magnetic storm

TIMED/GUVI Observations of the Ionosphere and Thermosphere Interaction

Paxton, L.; Kil, H.; DeMajistre, R.; Zhang, Y.; Morrison, D.; Wolven, B.; Meng, C.-I.;

Published by: Ann. Geophys., special ISEA      Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

SSUSI and GUVI limb scans of thermospheric neutral density changes during a geomagnetic storm

Stephan, AW; Picone, JM; Meier, RR; Emmert, JT; Paxton, LJ; Morrison, D; Wolven, B; Kil, H;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI:

Equatorial ionospheric disturbances during super storms seen from TIMED/GUVI, DMSP and ROCSAT-1

Kil, H; Paxton, LJ; Zhang, Y; Su, S; Oh, S;

Published by:       Published on:

YEAR: 2005     DOI: