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Found 8 entries in the Bibliography.

Showing entries from 1 through 8

2013

Semi-Empirical Satellite Accommodation Model for Spherical and Randomly Tumbling Objects

Orbits of launch-vehicle upper stages and spheres were observed by U.S. Air Force Space Command, and the resulting observations were converted by the Space Analysis Office to fitted ballistic coefficients by comparing the observed orbit with an orbit predicted by an atmospheric-drag model. The ballistic coefficients contain signals that result from atmospheric variability not captured by the model as well as signals that correspond to changes in the satellite-drag coefficient. For objects in highly elliptical orbits with perigee altitudes below 200\ km a 50\% change in ballistic coefficient can be observed. This drastic change is associated with both changes in the energy accommodation coefficient driven by atomic-oxygen adsorption and entry into a transition flow region where a diffuse shock forms ahead of the satellite near perigee. Furthermore, the observed ballistic coefficients for objects in near-circular orbits (7.5 km/s speeds) do not match those of objects in highly eccentric orbits (10 km/s speeds near perigee). This difference is attributed to a decrease in adsorption efficiency postulated by previous researchers that is formalized in this work into a semi-empirical model. The model parameters suggest that the average binding energy of atomic oxygen on satellite surfaces is about 5.7\ eV.

Pilinski, Marcin; Argrow, Brian; Palo, Scott; Bowman, Bruce;

Published by: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets Published on: 05/2013

YEAR: 2013 DOI: 10.2514/1.A32348

2011

Drag coefficients of satellites with concave geometries: comparing models and observations

AERONOMIC studies make use of satellite drag measurements in the determination of thermospheric densities, enabling scientific inquiry into processes of the upper neutral

Pilinski, Marcin; Argrow, Brian; Palo, Scott;

Published by: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets Published on:

YEAR: 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2514/1.50915

2008

Tidal variability in the ionospheric dynamo region

The seasonal and interannual variability of migrating (Sun-synchronous) and nonmigrating solar atmospheric tides at altitudes between 100 and 116 km are investigated using temperature measurements made with the SABER instrument on the TIMED spacecraft during 2002–2006. Quasi-biennial variations of order ±10–15\% in migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitudes are found, presumably due to modulation by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) as the tides propagate from their troposphere and stratospheric sources to the lower thermosphere. A number of nonmigrating tidal components are found that have the potential to produce significant longitudinal variability of the total tidal fields. The most prominent of these, i.e., those that appear at amplitudes of order 5–10 K in a 5-year mean climatology, include the zonally symmetric (s = 0) diurnal tide (D0); the eastward propagating diurnal and semidiurnal tides with zonal wave numbers s = −2 (DE2 and SE2) and s = −3 (DE3 and SE3); and the following westward propagating waves: diurnal s = 2 (DW2); semidiurnal s = 1 (SW1), s = 3 (SW3), and s = 4 (SW4); and terdiurnal s = 5 (TW5). These waves can be plausibly accounted for by nonlinear interaction between migrating tidal components and stationary planetary waves with s = 1 or s = 2 or by longitudinal variations of tropospheric thermal forcing. Additional waves that occur during some years or undergo phase cancellation within construction of a 5-year climatology include DW5, SE1, SE4, SW6, TE1, TW1, and TW7. It is anticipated that the winds that accompany all of these waves in the 100–170 km region will impose longitudinal variability in the electric fields produced through the ionospheric dynamo mechanism, thereby modulating vertical motion of the equatorial ionosphere and the concomitant plasma densities. In addition to the wave-4 modulation of the equatorial ionosphere that has recently been discovered and replicated in modeling studies, the waves revealed here will generate wave-1 (SW1, SW3, D0, DW2), wave-2 (SW4, TW1), wave-3 (DE2, SE1), wave-4 (DE3, SE2, DW5, SW6, TE1, TW7), wave-5 (SE3), and wave-6 (SE4) components of this ionospheric variability, depending on year and time of year. However, the absolute and relative efficiencies with which these waves produce electric fields remains to be determined.

Forbes, J.; Zhang, X.; Palo, S.; Russell, J.; Mertens, C.; Mlynczak, M.;

Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Published on:

YEAR: 2008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012737

tides; dynamo; Ionosphere

2006

Response of the Upper/Middle Atmosphere to Coronal Holes

RJ, Niciejewski; Palo\textordmasculine, SE; Paxton, LJ; Randall, CE; Rong\textordmasculine, PP;

Published by: Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams Published on:

YEAR: 2006 DOI:

Geophysical Monograph SeriesRecurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind StreamsResponse of the upper/middle atmosphere to coronal holes and powerful high-speed solar wind streams in 2003

Kozyra, J.; Crowley, G.; Emery, B.; Fang, X.; Maris, G.; Mlynczak, M.; Niciejewski, R.; Palo, S.; Paxton, L.; Randall, C.; Rong, P.-P.; Russell, J.; Skinner, W.; Solomon, S.; Talaat, E.; Wu, Q.; Yee, J.-H.;