Bibliography



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Found 2 entries in the Bibliography.


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2020

The physics of space weather/solar-terrestrial physics (STP): what we know now and what the current and future challenges are

Major geomagnetic storms are caused by un-usually intense solar wind southward magnetic fields thatimpinge upon the Earth\textquoterights magnetosphere (Dungey, 1961).How can we predict the occurrence of future interplanetary events? Do we currently know enough of the underlying physics and do we have sufficient observations of solar wind phenomena that will impinge upon the Earth\textquoterights magnetosphere? We view this as the most important challenge in space weather. We discuss the case for magnetic clouds (MCs), interplanetary sheaths upstream of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), corotating interactionregions (CIRs) and solar wind high-speed streams (HSSs).The sheath- and CIR-related magnetic storms will be difficult to predict and will require better knowledge of the slow solar wind and modeling to solve. For interplanetaryspace weather, there are challenges for understanding the fluences and spectra of solar energetic particles (SEPs). This will require better knowledge of interplanetary shock properties as they propagate and evolve going from the Sun to1 AU (and beyond), the upstream slow solar wind and energetic \textquotedblleftseed\textquotedblright particles. Dayside aurora, triggering of night-side substorms, and formation of new radiation belts can all be caused by shock and interplanetary ram pressure impingements onto the Earth\textquoterights magnetosphere. The acceleration and loss of relativistic magnetospheric \textquotedblleftkiller\textquotedblright electronsand prompt penetrating electric fields in terms of causingpositive and negative ionospheric storms are reasonably well understood, but refinements are still needed. The forecasting of extreme events (extreme shocks, extreme solar energeticparticle events, and extreme geomagnetic storms (Carrington events or greater)) are also discussed. Energetic particle precipitation into the atmosphere and ozone destructionare briefly discussed. For many of the studies, the Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission(MMS), Arase, and SWARM data will be useful.

Tsurutani, Bruce; Lakhina, Gurbax; Hajra, Rajkumar;

Published by: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics      Published on: 01/2020

YEAR: 2020     DOI: 10.5194/npg-27-75-2020

2019

Space weather forecasting: What we know now and what are the current and future challenges

Geomagnetic storms are caused by solar wind southward magnetic fields that impinge upon the Earth’s magnetosphere (Dungey, 1961). How can we forecast the occurrence of these interplanetary events? We view this as the most important challenge in Space Weather. We discuss the case for magnetic clouds (MCs), interplanetary sheaths upstream of ICMEs, corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and high speed streams (HSSs). The sheath- and CIR-related magnetic storms will be difficult to predict and will require better knowledge of the slow solar wind and modeling to solve.

Tsurutani, Bruce; Lakhina, Gurbax; Hajra, Rajkumar;

Published by: Nonlinear Processes Geophys. Discuss      Published on:

YEAR: 2019     DOI:



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