Bibliography



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Found 3 entries in the Bibliography.


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2017

North—south asymmetries in earth’s magnetic field

The solar-wind magnetosphere interaction primarily occurs at altitudes where the dipole component of Earth’s magnetic field is dominating. The disturbances that are created in this interaction propagate along magnetic field lines and interact with the ionosphere–thermosphere system. At ionospheric altitudes, the Earth’s field deviates significantly from a dipole. North–South asymmetries in the magnetic field imply that the magnetosphere–ionosphere–thermosphere (M–I–T) coupling is different in the two hemispheres. In this paper we review the primary differences in the magnetic field at polar latitudes, and the consequences that these have for the M–I–T coupling. We focus on two interhemispheric differences which are thought to have the strongest effects: 1) A difference in the offset between magnetic and geographic poles in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and 2) differences in the magnetic field strength at magnetically conjugate regions. These asymmetries lead to differences in plasma convection, neutral winds, total electron content, ion outflow, ionospheric currents and auroral precipitation.

Laundal, Karl; Cnossen, Ingrid; Milan, Stephen; Haaland, SE; Coxon, John; Pedatella, NM; Förster, Matthias; Reistad, Jone;

Published by: Space Science Reviews      Published on:

YEAR: 2017     DOI: 10.1007/s11214-016-0273-0

2015

Solar illumination control of ionospheric outflow above polar cap arcs

We measure the flux density, composition, and energy of outflowing ions above the polar cap, accelerated by quasi-static electric fields parallel to the magnetic field and associated with polar cap arcs, using Cluster. Mapping the spacecraft position to its ionospheric foot point, we analyze the dependence of these parameters on the solar zenith angle (SZA). We find a clear transition at SZA between \~94\textdegree and \~107\textdegree, with the O+ flux higher above the sunlit ionosphere. This dependence on the illumination of the local ionosphere indicates that significant O+ upflow occurs locally above the polar ionosphere. The same is found for H+, but to a lesser extent. This effect can result in a seasonal variation of the total ion upflow from the polar ionosphere. Furthermore, we show that low-magnitude field-aligned potential drops are preferentially observed above the sunlit ionosphere, suggesting a feedback effect of ionospheric conductivity.

Maes, L.; Maggiolo, R.; De Keyser, J.; Dandouras, I.; Fear, R.; Fontaine, D.; Haaland, S.;

Published by: Geophysical Research Letters      Published on: 03/2015

YEAR: 2015     DOI: 10.1002/2014GL062972

cold ion outflow; ion upflow; polar cap arc; polar ionosphere; polar wind; solar illumination

2002

Microsatellite missions to conduct midlatitude studies of equatorial ionospheric plasma bubbles

Two missions presently under development by the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), FalconSAT-2 and FalconSAT-3, include mission scientific objectives targeting the study of

Krause, Habash; Enloe, CL; Haaland, RK; Golando, P;

Published by: Advances in Space Research      Published on:

YEAR: 2002     DOI:



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