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2012 |
This study, for the first time, presented the long-term variations of Midlatitude Summer Nighttime Anomaly (MSNA) in the two hemispheres by using 66 ground-based ionosonde observations from 1957 to 2010. MSNA is characterized by the feature of higher nighttime electron density than daytime density in the midlatitude region during local summer months. Observations from 66 ionosonde stations were used to calculate the MSNA index which is defined by the difference between nighttime and noontime NmF2 values. The MSNA ... Chen, C.; Saito, A.; Lin, C.; Liu, J; Published by: Journal of Geophysical Research Published on: 07/2012 YEAR: 2012   DOI: 10.1029/2011JA017138 ionization-uplift effect; midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly; MSNA index |
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